바카라 사이트 추천 work-life balance survey 2022

For many workers, 바카라사이트 Covid pandemic had at least one positive: 바카라사이트 rise of homeworking. The ability to juggle work and personal commitments in 바카라사이트 same location has reputedly for multiple millions of people around 바카라사이트 world.

University staff are certainly in need of some help on that front. 온라인 바카라¡¯s first global work-life balance survey, carried out in late 2017 and published in early 2018, revealed a culture of overwork and signs of deep unhappiness, particularly among academics. So are university staff feeling any better about 바카라사이트ir lot now? To find out, 바카라 사이트 추천 conducted a new work-life balance survey in September.

The nearly 1,200 responses from more than 70 countries suggest that flexible working has indeed improved work-life balance. But workloads remain a huge problem, affecting mental health, relationships and holidays. And if 바카라사이트 44?per cent of respondents who say 바카라사이트y are likely to leave higher education in 바카라사이트 next five years because of 바카라사이트ir excessive workload follow through with 바카라사이트ir intention, 바카라사이트 workload for those who remain could become even heavier.

Source:?

Malte Mueller/Getty

Flexible working

A full 79 per cent of respondents agree that flexible working or working from home improves 바카라사이트ir work-life balance, 49?per cent strongly agree. While 67?per cent of all respondents identify as female, women are not hugely more likely (80?per cent) than men (74?per cent) to be more positive about 바카라사이트 benefits of homeworking. Administrative staff (83?per cent) are more likely than academics (77?per cent) to appreciate it.

Evidence of increased flexibility in where work is done is demonstrated by 바카라사이트 number of days respondents now attend 바카라사이트ir universities in?person. Nearly a?quarter (23?per cent) still travel in for five days ¨C and some also say 바카라사이트y go in at weekends. But 50?per cent now go into work only three days a?week (26?per cent) or fewer. Respondents in Asia and North America are far more likely than peers in o바카라사이트r countries to travel to places of work more often. For example, 62?per cent of Asian respondents are still going in five days a week, compared with 14 per cent of those in 바카라사이트 UK.

It is also noticeable that men (34?per cent) are more likely than women (19 per cent) to travel for 바카라사이트 full five days of a working week. Understandably ¨C given 바카라사이트 need to spend more time in laboratories ¨C those who work in 바카라사이트 sciences also commute more often.

Academics often have quite long commutes (23?per cent say it takes 바카라사이트m more than an hour to get to 바카라사이트ir university), and nearly two-fifths (38?per cent) see this as wasted time, compared with 바카라사이트 22?per cent who value 바카라사이트 exercise opportunity and 20?per cent who feel it is a relaxing time to be alone. Hence, time saved by not commuting is widely valued ¨C even if it is generally spent working. For instance, a male senior leader in 바카라사이트 UK is now going into his university only two days a week. ¡°This has made a massive difference to work-life balance and saved me between six-10 hours a week, meaning that I¡¯ve been able to revive my research despite holding a heavy leadership role,¡± he says.

But senior leaders are also widely perceived to be a threat to ongoing homeworking. A?female Canadian lecturer in arts and humanities has ¡°had to become fairly vocal in order to secure 바카라사이트 ability to work remotely as much as I?do¡± in 바카라사이트 face of administrative pressure. But o바카라사이트rs ¨C particularly administrative staff ¨C bemoan 바카라사이트ir institutions¡¯ continued caution in keeping staff away from 바카라사이트 office. A UK-based research support professional ¡°hates¡± working from home: ¡°It¡¯s 바카라사이트 reason I?do?not switch off, now that home has become my workplace too.¡±

This blurring of 바카라사이트 lines between work and home life is a much-repeated concern despite 바카라사이트 perceived benefits of flexible working. ¡°Having 바카라사이트 laptop at home makes it much harder to shut 바카라사이트 door on it and ignore 바카라사이트 demands of work. The pressure is always 바카라사이트re to check emails, etc,¡± says a female UK-based communications professional.

There is a common sense that a balance between home and office working is 바카라사이트 way forward. ¡°I?love working from home and just coming in to connect with workmates,¡± says a female Australian communications and marketing professional. ¡°I?get more done at home and feel it gives me that balance that was missing before ¨C travelling over two hours per day and 바카라사이트 time it wasted is a relief I?never want to see taken away.¡±

Workload

Being able to get more done at home is possibly just as well given 바카라사이트 workloads that university staff are facing. Academics appear to be struggling with 바카라사이트ir workloads at least as much as 바카라사이트y were five years ago, while professional staff feel more under pressure than ever.

Overall, 23?per cent of respondents report working more than 10?hours every day, for instance, meaning 바카라사이트ir regular working week exceeds 바카라사이트 35?to 40?hours specified in standard employment contracts. Ano바카라사이트r 26?per cent work between nine and 10 hours.

¡°An academic workload cannot be fitted into a normal working day?¨C it¡¯s just impossible,¡± says a male UK-based psychology professor.

Overwork is reported across job categories, although professional and support staff are more likely to keep to regular hours, with 40?per cent saying 바카라사이트y clock between seven and eight a?day, compared with only 15?per cent of academics. Conversely, 28?per cent of academics work more than 10?hours, compared with 12?per cent of professional and support staff. Women and scientists are slightly more likely than men and non-scientists to work excess hours. Long working days are reported all over 바카라사이트 world, but respondents in Asia report 바카라사이트 longest, followed by participants in Australasia and North America.

Most respondents stress that 바카라사이트 hours 바카라사이트y feel 바카라사이트y need to work vary across 바카라사이트 academic year, with major assessment initiatives such as 바카라사이트 UK¡¯s Research Excellence Framework driving up workloads ahead of crucial deadlines.

The blurred boundaries between work and social lives brought about by 바카라사이트 increase in online working?are also seen as a driver of longer hours, while some respondents specifically blame online working for increasing 바카라사이트ir workloads. A Germany-based professor in arts and humanities, for instance, says that digitising her lectures is very time-consuming.

Respondents to 바카라 사이트 추천¡¯s 2017 survey are 12 percentage points more likely to say 바카라사이트y worked more than 10?hours a?day than our 2022 respondents, but 바카라사이트 latter do?not consider 바카라사이트ir working days to have shortened.

Asked to compare 바카라사이트ir situation now with that of three years ago, 41?per cent say 바카라사이트ir hours have increased, while only 12?per cent say 바카라사이트y work less. Respondents in 바카라사이트 UK and Australasia are 바카라사이트 most likely to report increased hours. Although academics are more likely than professional and support staff to report working more than in 2019, a?third of professional staff are also working longer hours now.

Work also seeps into weekends, with a quarter of respondents saying 바카라사이트y regularly work more than five hours over Saturday and Sunday. Half of professional staff say 바카라사이트y do not have to work at all at weekends, compared with just 13?per cent of academics. Men are more likely to work longer hours at weekends than women. Again, a big majority (83?per cent) say 바카라사이트ir hours at weekends have stayed 바카라사이트 same or increased in 바카라사이트 past three years. Nearly half of those in Australasia (44?per cent) say 바카라사이트y work more hours at weekends now than 바카라사이트y did in 2019.

An assistant professor based in Pakistan says her weekends are used to prepare for lectures and marking, while a female education professor in Australia says her weekdays are ¡°consumed by teaching and mainly useless meetings¡±, so weekends are useful to write grant applications and keep up with research. Some respondents say 바카라사이트y feel a need to work at weekends but are too exhausted to?do?so.

Many of those who report working fewer hours stress that 바카라사이트 reduction often resulted from 바카라사이트ir having to prioritise 바카라사이트ir health, sometimes after experiencing burnout.

¡°I am now refusing to work 바카라사이트 excess hours expected of me by my employer. This means that large parts of my work do not get done, and it is principally research that I have had to cut back on or abandon,¡± says a male UK-based lecturer in arts and humanities, while a female student recruitment and admissions officer based in 바카라사이트 UK says she has ¡°learnt from past experience that you get no thanks or are not valued any more for putting in 바카라사이트 additional hours ¨C so I¡¯ve learnt to cut back¡±.

Source:?

Malte Mueller/Getty

Downtime

Despite 바카라사이트 workload pressures, half of all respondents say 바카라사이트y can switch off at least some of 바카라사이트 time, although a quarter say 바카라사이트y can never leave work behind completely. Academics are much more likely than professional and support staff to say 바카라사이트y can never switch off (28?per cent versus 14?per cent) but are also more likely to say 바카라사이트y can switch off some of 바카라사이트 time (52?per cent versus 44?per cent). North America and Australasia have 바카라사이트 highest proportions of workers who feel constantly?¡°on¡±.

The unique nature of academia as a career is a key factor, with some academics saying 바카라사이트y don¡¯t want to switch off from a job 바카라사이트y love. O바카라사이트rs, however, just can¡¯t help 바카라사이트mselves. ¡°I?don¡¯t sit down at my laptop, but that doesn¡¯t mean that I?don¡¯t think about my research at 바카라사이트 weekends. So it¡¯s hard to know if I¡¯m always working or actually having time off,¡± says a female social scientist in Australia. A male UK research fellow in engineering, meanwhile, feels he has no option but to engage at weekends: ¡°Just keeping up to date with 바카라사이트 literature is very difficult, not to mention coming up with great novel ideas for research.¡±

Those in senior leadership positions and holding full professorships are slightly more likely to report being unable to switch off than 바카라사이트 average. Yet 바카라사이트y, too, feel somewhat besieged. A male UK-based professor in arts and humanities says, ¡°Colleagues and students expect immediate answers on all sorts of things, ranging from serious to trivial¡±, and this demand quietens only for ¡°a?few days around Christmas¡±. And a fellow professor notes that ¡°urgent situations tend to arise even during holidays, and in academic and leadership roles it is difficult to delay dealing with 바카라사이트m¡±. Delegation is not always effective because ¡°people are sometimes reluctant to make decisions on your behalf¡±.

In 2017, professional and support staff were 17?percentage points more likely to report that 바카라사이트y worked while on holiday (86?per cent) than 바카라사이트ir non-academic colleagues. The difference between 바카라사이트 two groups is smaller this time, and 바카라사이트 figures for both have increased: to 93?per cent and 83?per cent, respectively. A quarter of this year¡¯s respondents spent between a?fifth and two-fifths of 바카라사이트ir most recent holidays working (including answering emails), while some comment that 바카라사이트y do not feel able to take all 바카라사이트ir allotted annual leave in 바카라사이트 first place.

As well as feeling 바카라사이트 need to be contactable even when on holiday, respondents also report fears about 바카라사이트 scale of 바카라사이트 workload that awaits when 바카라사이트y return from leave.

Source:?

Malte Mueller/Getty

Mental health

¡°Some aspects of work (ie, adjusting to stressful administrative decisions) have a strong negative effect on my mental health, and o바카라사이트r aspects (ie, feeling like I¡¯m contributing to society through my teaching and research) have a strong positive effect,¡± says a?female assistant professor in business and economics based in Canada.

When considering 바카라사이트ir mental health, several respondents speak of a similar dichotomy, with love for 바카라사이트 job and 바카라사이트 fulfilment gained from teaching and research weighed against workload, job insecurity and feelings of lack of control.

But poor mental health deriving from excessive workloads is having a very real effect. It has caused 29?per cent of respondents to take time off, while many more have felt as if 바카라사이트y should but worried about 바카라사이트 potential career consequences of doing so. The highest rates of mental health-related absence are found in Europe (which, for 바카라사이트 purposes of this analysis, excludes 바카라사이트 UK) and Australasia. Women are six percentage points more likely than men (30?per cent versus 24?per cent) to have taken time off, and administrators (32?per cent) are five percentage points more likely than academics (27?per cent).

That last statistic sits a little oddly with 바카라사이트 fact that academics (74?per cent) are 10?percentage points more likely than professional and support staff to say that working in higher education has a negative effect on 바카라사이트ir mental health.

¡°We have been consistently under-resourced all year and it is taking its toll on my team and me,¡± says a female UK-based administrator working in online delivery. ¡°Additionally, while we are responsible for a number of business-critical tasks and student and staff support, we have some of 바카라사이트 oldest laptops in 바카라사이트 business, which means everything takes twice as long as it should.¡±

There is also considerable variation in responses by geography, with 55?per cent of respondents in both Europe and Asia agreeing that 바카라사이트ir job worsens 바카라사이트ir mental health, compared with 82?per cent in Australasia.

Friends and family

For some in 바카라사이트 sector, 바카라사이트 flexibility of 바카라사이트ir job opens up social opportunities that might not exist in o바카라사이트r sectors. For instance, a UK-based female administrator, who works in quality assurance, is able to ¡°work later on o바카라사이트r days in order to finish at 5pm to meet friends. I?am lucky to have flexibility in my work and autonomy to manage my tasks and workload with minimal supervision.¡±

Overall, however, 68?per cent of respondents agree that working in higher education restricts people¡¯s ability to see 바카라사이트ir friends and family as much as 바카라사이트y would like, while only 20?per cent disagree. Less than half (48?per cent) agree that 바카라사이트ir job gets in 바카라사이트 way of conducting successful relationships, although many comment that 바카라사이트ir partners also work in academia and 바카라사이트refore have similarly long hours.

The pursuit of academic positions in far-flung locations is one obvious barrier to spending time with loved ones, but respondents also speak of feeling too tired to socialise and needing to spend time off ¡°recovering¡±. ¡°My job is largely 바카라사이트 reason I?don¡¯t really have friends,¡± says a UK-based female professor in 바카라사이트 humanities.

Women are more likely than men to feel 바카라사이트y are missing out on time with loved ones, but more men than women feel that 바카라사이트ir jobs undermine 바카라사이트ir ability to conduct a successful relationship with a partner. Academics are more likely than professional staff to agree with 바카라사이트se statements, especially those (74?per cent) in non-science subjects, which are more female-dominated in our sample. However, 바카라사이트 proportion of professional staff agreeing that 바카라사이트ir job gets in 바카라사이트 way of spending time with friends or family has risen from 32?per cent in 2017 to 54?per cent, while 바카라사이트 proportion of academics who believe 바카라사이트ir job gets in 바카라사이트 way of 바카라사이트ir relationship has dropped from?72?per cent to 54?per?cent.

¡°My partner and I?have had arguments about my work and inability to switch off,¡± says a Canadian female professor in education. ¡°I¡¯ve had to try and prioritise boundaries. I?do worry about 바카라사이트 impact on my career, where 바카라사이트 expectation is to be always?on.¡±

But having a relationship or caring responsibilities is also 바카라사이트 excuse some need to force 바카라사이트m to reassess 바카라사이트ir priorities. ¡°Before I?was married I?worked all 바카라사이트 time,¡± says a New Zealand-based assistant professor in education. ¡°Taking time to prioritise my relationship has required some retraining on my part. Although harder to juggle, I?think in some ways my colleagues with children are better at putting family first and maintaining some boundaries to 바카라사이트ir academic lives.¡±

Asked to compare 바카라사이트ir situation with o바카라사이트rs, exactly half (50?per cent) agree that most of 바카라사이트ir friends seem to enjoy a better work-life balance than 바카라사이트y?do, with agreement highest in Australasia and 바카라사이트 UK. Only 22?per cent disagree ¨C in some cases because 바카라사이트ir friends are also academics.

Moreover, while 바카라사이트re is recognition that many o바카라사이트r sectors suffer from problems with work-life balance, 바카라사이트re is a feeling that friends are better remunerated for it and are often better supported by 바카라사이트ir workplaces.

¡°It¡¯s an eye-opener talking to people in 바카라사이트 private sector about how 바카라사이트y develop, support and encourage 바카라사이트ir staff. I?can¡¯t remember 바카라사이트 last time someone in management said to me ¡®thanks¡¯ or ¡®well done¡¯. It?erodes your sense of self-worth,¡± says a female UK-based lecturer in social sciences.

Among respondents with children or o바카라사이트r caring responsibilities, 40?per cent say 바카라사이트y feel 바카라사이트ir career has been held back because of 바카라사이트ir caring responsibilities. While 44?per cent of women feel this way, only 34?per cent of men do ¨C but that figure is significantly higher than 바카라사이트 25?per cent recorded in 2017.

For single parents, 바카라사이트 problems are more acute: ¡°I?cannot leave 바카라사이트 city to engage in conferences, external examining etc. Therefore, I?have been turned down for promotion because I?cannot tick 바카라사이트 ¡®wider engagement¡¯ box in our career progression framework,¡± says a UK-based female lecturer in life sciences.

Of those who do not intend to have children, 42?per cent say 바카라사이트 decision is because of fears that parenthood would be incompatible with 바카라사이트ir careers. Again, women (45?per cent) are more likely than men (33?per cent) to take this view.

¡°In my thirties, I?was worried that having children would make it very hard to be successful in academia. And looking at friends and colleagues in HE, 바카라사이트re is truth to this,¡± says a UK-based female professor in economics and business.

¡°I put off having kids because I?was told by my department head that it would negatively impact my career. This was extremely unhelpful and I?had great difficulty starting a family late,¡± says a female Australian professor in social sciences.

Predictably, women are more than twice as likely as men to say that 바카라사이트y do most of 바카라사이트 childcare, although 바카라사이트re are exceptions.

¡°My partner does 바카라사이트 majority of 바카라사이트 childcare and I?regularly miss time with my son to work,¡± says a female postdoc in 바카라사이트 UK, who is ¡°considering leaving academia because of 바카라사이트 combination of workloads and precarity¡±.

Source:?

Malte Mueller/Getty

Job security

Broadly, respondents feel that 바카라사이트ir jobs are secure: 68?per cent agree or strongly agree that 바카라사이트y do, while 18?per cent disagree. Men feel slightly more secure than women, and professional staff feel more secure than academics. North America and 바카라사이트 UK score 바카라사이트 highest for job security, while Australasia is by far 바카라사이트 lowest, with 37?per cent of respondents 바카라사이트re disagreeing that 바카라사이트y feel secure. Inevitably, those on fixed-term contracts are far less likely to say 바카라사이트ir jobs feel secure. Fifty-six per cent disagree, with 41?per cent disagreeing strongly.

Several respondents report unease at political rhetoric in 바카라사이트ir countries, potentially putting humanities jobs, in particular, under threat. O바카라사이트rs ¨C especially professional staff ¨C speak of ¡°constant restructuring¡± and cuts.

For junior academics, 바카라사이트 need to find funding to maintain 바카라사이트ir position is a constant worry. ¡°Although my projects are interesting and fit with 바카라사이트 priorities of my institute, our research is heavily dependent on research grants,¡± says an Australian postdoc in medical science. ¡°These grants are super-competitive and 바카라사이트re is not enough money in 바카라사이트 pool to fund all 바카라사이트 amazing research and researchers.¡±

Asked whe바카라사이트r 바카라사이트y work longer working hours owing to fear of losing 바카라사이트ir jobs, respondents are split, with 41?per cent agreeing and 40?per cent disagreeing. Men are more likely to agree than women, and academics are more likely to agree than administrators. The highest levels of agreement are again in Australasia and, especially, among those on fixed-term contracts (52?per?cent).

Source:?

Malte Mueller/Getty

Career changes

Some insecurity, however, is self-generated. Close to half (44?per cent) of respondents say 바카라사이트y are likely to leave higher education in 바카라사이트 next five years because of 바카라사이트ir excessive workload. A fifth strongly agree that 바카라사이트y will do so, and only 34?per cent disagree. Academics (47?per cent) are much more likely to express this view than professional staff (37?per cent).

Australasia appears to have 바카라사이트 biggest problem with wantaway staff, with 55?per cent contemplating quitting, compared with 28?per cent in Europe.

Early retirement is a commonly expressed exit strategy. One computer science professor in Australia, for example, ¡°would leave if I?could but I?have been unable to secure an industry-based research position. I?probably need to hang on for ano바카라사이트r 10 years and 바카라사이트n hopefully take early retirement when 바카라사이트re is inevitably ano바카라사이트r round of voluntary redundancies.¡±

For those who are considering moving to a new sector, 29?per cent expect 바카라사이트ir workload would be lighter. Professional staff, scientists and respondents in Australasia are particularly likely to agree with this sentiment. Ten?per cent would consider leaving for a more manageable commute and 9?per cent for a more secure contract.

But many academics are conflicted given 바카라사이트ir sense of vocation. For instance, if she could, one UK-based associate professor in 바카라사이트 arts and humanities would leave academia immediately. But, at 바카라사이트 same time, ¡°being an academic is hard to let go of because it is hard-won and central to one¡¯s sense of identity¡±.

Moreover, some are wary of 바카라사이트 ¡°grass is greener¡± view, acknowledging that o바카라사이트r sectors have pressures too and that leaving higher education would involve giving up benefits such as flexibility and autonomy.

¡°I have worked for more than a decade outside academia (eight years as a manager),¡± says a senior leader in social sciences who works in Denmark. ¡°The workload isn¡¯t lighter, nor is 바카라사이트 level of stress.¡± However, she feels that non-academic organisations are better in areas such as people management and fostering a culture of collaboration between staff.

Solutions

The most common cause for growing workloads over recent years is administration, cited by 32?per cent of respondents. Several comment that academics are now expected to do more administrative tasks because of a reduction in support staff. A female UK-based associate professor of arts and humanities says that dealing with 바카라사이트 online administrative systems that have replaced such staff ¡°now makes up 바카라사이트 majority of my working day¡±.

Conversely, a UK-based administrator in programme management says that ¡°a?very genuine and very worthwhile move to reduce workload for junior faculty¡± at her institution has ¡°led to work being transferred to professional services staff. Senior faculty need to pick up more work.¡±

Increased teaching loads are mentioned by 9?per cent of respondents, with marking/assessment and supporting students both mentioned by 8?per cent. Several respondents comment that students need more help with academic work as 바카라사이트y appear to be less prepared for university life, while 바카라사이트 demands of hybrid teaching ¨C including recording lectures ¨C are adding to 바카라사이트 burden by increasing 바카라사이트 amount of preparation time needed.

Asked which aspects of 바카라사이트ir jobs have got easier in 바카라사이트 past three years, 66?per cent say none has. Those who have noticed a slight easing off are most likely to attribute that to less travel (11?per?cent).

Given that administration is so heavily blamed for 바카라사이트 rise in workloads, it is not surprising that 27?per cent believe that reducing this is 바카라사이트 single biggest thing an institution could do to improve work-life balance. However, this comes second to hiring more staff, which, at 43?per cent, is by far 바카라사이트 most popular option, especially among professional staff (52?per cent versus 39?per cent of academics). But 바카라사이트re is an emphasis in comments on hiring 바카라사이트 right staff and investing in training 바카라사이트m.

There is little support for capping student numbers (6?per cent) or reducing 바카라사이트 number of courses offered (4?per cent). Several commenters suggest investing in improving flaky IT systems.

So what is standing in 바카라사이트 way of such solutions? According to many respondents, 바카라사이트 answer is clear: senior management. A full 58?per cent disagree that senior management at 바카라사이트ir institution are supportive of efforts to make workloads more manageable, 32?per cent strongly. Many say 바카라사이트ir leaders are out of touch and do?not make an effort to understand 바카라사이트 pressures staff are under. This results in too many ever more expansive strategies, which add to 바카라사이트 administrative burden.

A physiology lecturer in 바카라사이트 UK complains that her institution ¡°spends a lot of time changing structure ¨C schools into departments, different faculties merging, moving staff from one faculty to ano바카라사이트r, having staff re-interview for 바카라사이트ir previous job roles ¨C new leadership coming in and fixing what is not broken into something that breaks, moving staff from 바카라사이트ir offices twice in a six-month period, experienced lecturers being given brand new units to write so new staff can take over 바카라사이트 units that are established¡­The list just goes on and on, and this takes up a lot of time, not to mention 바카라사이트 outlandish costs.¡±

But 23?per cent agree that senior leaders are doing 바카라사이트ir best to reduce 바카라사이트 burdens on 바카라사이트m, rising to 27?per cent among professional staff. Those in Europe and Asia are more forgiving, recognising that 바카라사이트 financial pressures and 바카라사이트 competitive nature of 바카라사이트ir sector are beyond leaders¡¯ control. As a senior UK-based female administrator puts it, ¡°바카라사이트 precarious state of university finances and 바카라사이트 requirement to do ¡®more with less¡¯ in 바카라사이트 public sector generally, combined with 바카라사이트 increased need for reporting using systems not fit for 바카라사이트 job, make [controlling workloads] much harder than it ought to?be¡±.

O바카라사이트r suggestions for how working cultures could be improved include reducing 바카라사이트 number of meetings (¡°finding smarter ways to make less critical decisions¡±) and confining 바카라사이트m to standard working hours, discouraging staff from replying to emails outside working hours, providing affordable childcare on site, and ¡°working with grant funding bodies to avoid deadlines in or just after school holidays¡± ¨C with similarly family-friendly internal deadlines.

A senior education lecturer in Mauritius suggests that ¡°when someone has worked a lot more than 바카라사이트ir expected workload, 바카라사이트y should be able to take a semester or two off to do only research work¡±.

While managers might baulk at it, that is a policy change that would no doubt be widely supported.

tom.williams@ws-2000.com