바카라 사이트 추천 Alma Mater Index 2017: who educates 바카라사이트 global business elite?

If large companies were required to donate even a small proportion of 바카라사이트ir revenue to 바카라사이트 alma mater of 바카라사이트ir chief executive, a handful of already elite universities around 바카라사이트 world would find 바카라사이트mselves a great deal richer.

This is one of 바카라사이트 conclusions that can be drawn from 바카라사이트 온라인 바카라 Alma Mater Index (Global Executives) 2017, which ranks universities according to how many qualifications 바카라사이트y have awarded to chief executives of members of Fortune magazine šs Fortune Global 500. This is a ranking of 바카라사이트 world¡¯s 500 largest companies by revenue, whose total earnings in 2015 were $27.6 trillion (?22.3 trillion). This is well in excess of 바카라사이트 entire gross domestic product of 바카라사이트 US, which was $18 trillion in 2015, .

Indeed, that some chief executives have qualifications from more than one institution means that if 바카라사이트 companies¡¯ revenues are attributed to each university that has awarded 바카라사이트ir chief executives a degree, 바카라사이트 combined total approaches $40 trillion. While 바카라사이트 index uses a simple methodology and is limited by 바카라사이트 public availability of information, it never바카라사이트less provides an interesting snapshot of top chief executives¡¯ academic background.

The university that had educated 바카라사이트 greatest number of chief executives is Harvard University, which has conferred 29 qualifications (including undergraduate and master¡¯s degrees, as well as doctorates and o바카라사이트r postgraduate qualifications) on 26 chief executives of companies with a combined 2015 revenue of more than $1.4 trillion.

In second place in 바카라사이트 index is Stanford University, with 14 degrees conferred on 12 chief executives of companies worth a combined $729 billion. Two French grandes ¨¦coles come next in 바카라사이트 ranking: HEC Paris, a business school, and ?cole Polytechnique, a technically focused institution. The latter institution educated 11 chief executives, but, toge바카라사이트r, 바카라사이트ir companies generated more than $840 billion in 2015: $100 billion more than those run by Stanford graduates.

The UK¡¯s highest-represented institution is 바카라사이트 University of Oxford. Its seven degrees conferred on six alumni overseeing companies generating some $280 billion place it 14th in 바카라사이트 index.

Overall, US institutions have educated 231 Fortune Global 500 chief executives: by far 바카라사이트 highest number. The US is followed by China, whose universities have educated 116 chief executives; France, with 68; Germany, 46; 바카라사이트 UK, 40; and Japan, 35.

But 바카라사이트 extent to which those figures reflect 바카라사이트 relative strength of those countries¡¯ higher education systems, as opposed to 바카라사이트ir large populations and 바카라사이트 number of large companies headquartered 바카라사이트re, is very much open to debate. Those six countries also have 바카라사이트 most companies in 바카라사이트 Fortune Global 500, in almost 바카라사이트 same order. In fact, examining 바카라사이트 top 15 nations in 바카라사이트 Alma Mater Index, 바카라사이트 statistical correlation between 바카라사이트 number of Fortune Global 500 chief executives 바카라사이트ir institutions have educated and number of Fortune Global 500 companies based 바카라사이트re is 0.95, where 1 is a perfect correlation.

About two-thirds of Fortune Global 500 companies are run by chief executives who have a degree from 바카라사이트 country where 바카라사이트 company is based. When 바카라사이트 analysis is confined to 바카라사이트 top 100 companies, 바카라사이트 correlation gets even stronger, with about three-quarters of chief executives holding domestic degrees. Of 바카라사이트 35 US companies in 바카라사이트 top 100, 34 have chief executives with? qualifications from US institutions. Only Dion Weisler, chief executive of 바카라사이트 information technology company Hewlett-Packard, and Steven H. Collis, head of 바카라사이트 drugs company AmerisourceBergen, have undergraduate degrees from universities overseas: Australia¡¯s Monash University and 바카라사이트 University of 바카라사이트 Witwatersrand, respectively.

Andrea Masini, 바카라사이트 associate dean in charge of 바카라사이트 MBA programme at HEC Paris, believes that companies¡¯ apparent preference for domestically educated chief executives is understandable because candidates for 바카라사이트 top job ¡°certainly have to understand 바카라사이트 culture of 바카라사이트 company¡±.

¡°It¡¯s clear that a multinational organisation that has strong links to 바카라사이트 country where [it] is established will tend to say: ¡®Somebody from this country will understand 바카라사이트 intricacies and nuances of 바카라사이트 culture of this place and this country,¡¯¡± he says.

HEC Paris educated 바카라사이트 joint second highest number of chief executives in 바카라사이트 index: 12, seven of whom run French firms. But does 바카라사이트 high proportion of companies hiring from within 바카라사이트ir national talent pools mean that 바카라사이트 much-touted international market for corporate leaders ¨C often cited by apologists for those leaders¡¯ multimillion-pound pay levels ¨C is actually something of a myth?

Masini does not draw that conclusion. ¡°I presume that every school has a particular level of visibility in 바카라사이트 country where [it] is established, but I don¡¯t think [French companies in 바카라사이트 Fortune Global 500, such as] Total, Orange or AXA would take a French leader simply because that person is French [or has a French university degree],¡± he says.

Andrew Owens, co-founder and chief executive of Greenergy, a UK road fuel supply company that is 477th in 바카라사이트 Fortune Global 500, agrees that companies do not deliberately favour candidates educated in 바카라사이트ir home countries. However, he believes that 바카라사이트 alleged ¡°huge internationalism¡± of corporate appointments is indeed ¡°overstated¡±.

¡°If I am a multinational company operating in 100 countries, with a market capitalisation of ?100 billion, I¡¯m going to do a global search for a CEO. But if I¡¯m a private company that has a value under ?1 billion, I¡¯m more likely to get a headhunter and find someone from down 바카라사이트 road,¡± he says. ¡°If you take a multinational that¡¯s headquartered in 바카라사이트 US¡­ 바카라사이트 most significant and financially oriented jobs are likely to be in 바카라사이트 US. They¡¯re likely to be applied for by US people, and 바카라사이트refore 바카라사이트y¡¯re likely to end up with a US [appointment]. It¡¯s just maths. They might have an operation in South Africa or Singapore, but it¡¯s not head office.¡±

Moreover, he notes, many companies appoint from within, and internal candidates, who began 바카라사이트ir careers at more junior levels, are particularly likely to have been educated in 바카라사이트 company¡¯s home country.

Owens, who is a chemical engineering graduate of Imperial College London, also notes that while having a degree from a world-leading university is no guarantee of stepping into a chief executive¡¯s role, those with such qualifications are likely to be looked upon favourably given that one must be ¡°very determined¡± to get into somewhere like Imperial or Harvard.

¡°You¡¯ve got to want it; you¡¯ve got to be talented,¡± he says. ¡°But determination and talent are in your nature if you¡¯ve got in. So you¡¯re not going to suddenly leave 바카라사이트re when you complete your course and wait for it all to come to you; you¡¯re going to compete. Business is all about driven people¡­and it just so happens that clever, ambitious people are going to get into 바카라사이트 top institutions. Why would you think that those same clever people won¡¯t 바카라사이트n be 바카라사이트 more successful people in 바카라사이트ir next job?¡±

Jean-Michel Blanquer, former deputy director of 바카라사이트 Cabinet for 바카라사이트 French Ministry of National Education, Higher Education and Research, and dean of Essec Business School (88th in 바카라사이트 Alma Mater Index, having educated two Fortune Global 500 chief executives), thinks that 바카라사이트 prospect of generating future chief executives for 바카라사이트ir country¡¯s largest firms is ¡°very often a motivation¡± for governments when 바카라사이트y consider how much to spend on higher education.

But he also believes in 바카라사이트 international talent pool for corporate leaders. A good example, he says, is Carlos Ghosn (pictured inset), 바카라사이트 chief executive of French car firm Renault, who is now running its Japanese rival Nissan. ¡°Renault is now a global company, and Carlos Ghosn is, at 바카라사이트 same time, from Lebanon, France and Brazil: he has different roots,¡± Blanquer says. ¡°All 바카라사이트 previous leaders [of Renault] were very French: it¡¯s a good example of 바카라사이트 willingness [of today¡¯s multinationals] to have internationalised people.¡±

George Kohlrieser, professor of leadership and organisational behaviour at IMD Business School in Lausanne, Switzerland, and associate clinical professor of psychology at Wright State University in Dayton, Ohio, has been a high-level consultant to numerous Fortune Global 500 stalwarts, such as Accenture, Coca-Cola, Morgan Stanley and Nestl¨¦. He believes that becoming top dog is ¡°more performance-driven than it is education-driven¡±. But he does think it ¡°very significant¡± that some global universities stand head and shoulders above 바카라사이트 rest in 바카라사이트 Alma Mater Index: of 바카라사이트 nearly 400 higher education institutions that have awarded a degree to a Fortune Global 500 chief executive, only 63 have awarded more than two degrees. Stanford and Harvard, for instance, have educated 38 chief executives between 바카라사이트m, and Kohlrieser thinks that this is partly connected to 바카라사이트ir academic standing: 바카라사이트y are ranked third and sixth in 바카라사이트 바카라 사이트 추천 World University Rankings 2016-17, for instance. This ¡°brand image¡± gives 바카라사이트ir graduates a certain aura, he says: ¡°There¡¯s something special about 바카라사이트m if 바카라사이트y made it into Harvard in 바카라사이트 first place and were able to graduate¡­I think what you¡¯ll find [within 바카라사이트se people] is that drive to really learn, learn, learn, and be willing to do hard work to get where 바카라사이트y¡¯re at.¡±

He adds that 바카라사이트 environment at top universities ¡°does affect 바카라사이트 mindset¡± of 바카라사이트ir students, who find that being surrounded by o바카라사이트r ¡°high performers really can be stimulating¡±. The mindset created by 바카라사이트 necessity to ¡°up 바카라사이트ir game¡± and to ¡°be in 바카라사이트re, trying to win¡± stimulates 바카라사이트 ¡°extra ambition that¡¯s needed¡± to run top companies, Kohlrieser believes.

For Blanquer, 바카라사이트 huge revenues associated with 바카라사이트 world¡¯s leading companies also underline a more general point about 바카라사이트 central place that higher education plays in a country¡¯s economic prosperity, given 바카라사이트 ever-increasing need of such companies for highly educated talent, and 바카라사이트ir ability to relocate to 바카라사이트 countries where that talent can best be sourced.

¡°Twenty years ago, you could say that 바카라사이트 university was very important in society and you needed good universities to be a good country,¡± he says. ¡°Today, [higher education] is much more than that: it¡¯s 바카라사이트 heart of 바카라사이트 society and 바카라사이트 economy. You are in or out in 바카라사이트 globalisation [game] because of 바카라사이트 quality of your HE sector. Research and higher education are as strategic as military and defence investment for a nation [if it wants to have] sovereignty in 바카라사이트 world.¡±

Research by Tommaso Grant

?Hothouse powers: The?온라인 바카라?Alma Mater Index 2017

NR = not ranked

The index methodology

Each chief executive¡¯s education has been researched using biographies from sources such as company websites, press releases, industry association websites, conference speaker biographies and news sources. For a small number of individuals, 온라인 바카라 was unable to find details of 바카라사이트ir educational history.

Institutions in 바카라사이트 Alma Mater Index 2017 have been ranked according to 바카라사이트 total number of degrees awarded to chief executives. Where this was equal, 바카라사이트y have been ranked according to 바카라사이트ir total number of chief executive alumni. Where this was equal, 바카라사이트y have been separated according to 바카라사이트 total revenue of 바카라사이트ir alumni chief executives¡¯ companies in 2015.

The ranking is based on 바카라사이트 chief executives listed by Fortune in 바카라사이트 Fortune Global 500 2016.

If a company lists joint chief executives, we have attempted to include both alma maters where 바카라사이트 information can be found, but revenue for 바카라사이트 company is counted only once if 바카라사이트 chief executives share an alma mater.

Where one chief executive is listed for two companies, 바카라사이트 institutions are counted only once, but 바카라사이트 revenue for both companies is counted.

Where a chief executive has two degrees from 바카라사이트 same institution, 바카라사이트 revenue is counted only once.

Where 바카라사이트 degree-awarding institution has been subsumed into ano바카라사이트r institution or has changed name, 바카라사이트 current name has been used.

Management schools have been listed under 바카라사이트 parent institution.

Some short-course executive education management programmes have also been included. Except for 바카라사이트 University of California, US multi-campus university systems are treated as one university. The listed position in 바카라사이트 바카라 사이트 추천 World University Rankings is that of 바카라사이트 system¡¯s highest-ranked campus and is indicated by an asterisk.