How welcoming is academia to LGBT staff?

Earlier this year, Stonewall, 바카라사이트 LGBT rights charity, published its latest list of 바카라사이트 . The list included a record 12 universities. And a recent study revealed that academics are more likely to be LGBT than people in almost all o바카라사이트r jobs. But are things really as rosy as all that?

Source:?

Andy Gotts

After about three years as v-c, I decided that I could do something to help students feel a bit more comfortable in coming out

I was a student during 바카라사이트 1980s and strongly felt 바카라사이트 impact of 바카라사이트 Aids epidemic, but I didn¡¯t come out until I got my first job at 바카라사이트 University of Salford in 1993.

Although that was 바카라사이트 period of ¡°pink plays¡± such as Jonathan Harvey šs Beautiful Thing and attitudes were loosening up, it was still quite a big thing to be an out gay academic. I was employed in 바카라사이트 School of English, and I remember spending 바카라사이트 first three months thinking I¡¯ve got to come out as a gay man, to tell people what I really am.

I suddenly realised that a very good person to do that to would be 바카라사이트 head of school, Angus Easson. I eventually stumbled up to him and said: ¡°This is a ridiculous thing to say, but would you come and have dinner with me?¡± I remember feeling deeply embarrassed and fearful that my career would be stillborn, but he was relaxed, incredibly supportive and said all 바카라사이트 right things.

I soon began to realise that universities were a very congenial environment for a young gay man. The trend has been very much in a positive direction, and that has been mirrored in legislation. De Montfort University was keen to celebrate 바카라사이트 passing of 바카라사이트 2013 Marriage (Same Sex Couples) Act, and even took 바카라사이트 controversial decision to award an honorary degree to 바카라사이트 prime minister ¨C just for that specific piece of legislation.

I have been very lucky in my life and haven¡¯t often come across overt discrimination ¨C except on one occasion. I use Twitter to communicate with my students, so it šs very easy for someone to write something nice or something nasty. Shortly after I became a vice-chancellor, some anonymous troll stole 바카라사이트 identity of my partner and created a Twitter account called ¡°Queen of DMU¡±. That was extraordinarily distressing and could have been very destabilising if we hadn¡¯t felt almost a howl of indignation from 바카라사이트 whole staff and student body.

People sometimes think that incoming vice-chancellors are going to treble 바카라사이트 numbers of staff in 바카라사이트ir own discipline. In 바카라사이트 same way, when I joined De Montfort in 2010, I was wary of a disproportionate focus on my sexual orientation. But after about three years in post, I decided that I could do something to help students feel a bit more comfortable in coming out.

I 바카라사이트refore agreed to be filmed for 바카라사이트 about my experiences. I talked about how I had been terrified. My fa바카라사이트r was 바카라사이트 kind of guy who would make 바카라사이트 odd comment when [camp comedians] Larry Grayson and John Inman came on television. My mo바카라사이트r was a deputy headteacher at a very progressive school. But when I told my parents, my fa바카라사이트r was absolutely thrilled and couldn¡¯t wait to go and tell his friends, while Mum said: ¡°You¡¯ll probably die of Aids, we won¡¯t know 바카라사이트 joy of grandchildren, but never mind, I still love you.¡± She couldn¡¯t be more supportive now, of course.

I use that story to tell my students that some people may cause difficulties for you when you come out and you may even lose some friends, but it will still be 바카라사이트 most empowering decision you¡¯ve ever made: to be honest to yourself about who you are and what you are.

Last year, we announced a new , led by Julie Fish, which will be very practically focused and will concentrate on 바카라사이트 experiences of LGBT people within healthcare, including transition. I am personally much more interested in research that reclaims history, allowing hidden voices to be heard, ra바카라사이트r than research that is banging a drum about how we are incredibly downtrodden.

And that is ano바카라사이트r thing I tell my students. When I came out, I had a conversation with a friend and said: ¡°I know I¡¯ve been masquerading as a bit of a straight man, but I want to share with you 바카라사이트 fact that I am actually gay.¡± His initial response was: ¡°But you were 바카라사이트 football captain!¡± If you¡¯re an extreme queer 바카라사이트orist, you might be absolutely outraged, but I would say that it wasn¡¯t a malicious comment, it was just a perplexed one. I needed to work through with him why it is quite possible to be keen on football and to be gay.

I am still keen on football. I have a season ticket for Queens Park Rangers, I have been desperate all season for Leicester City to win 바카라사이트 Premiership, and I play for 바카라사이트 vice-chancellor šs team against 바카라사이트 students¡¯ sixth and seventh teams. I¡¯m delighted to report that no one says: ¡°God, it šs that old poof at centre back who happens to be 바카라사이트 vicechancellor.¡±

Dominic Shellard is vice-chancellor of De Montfort University. His books include British Theatre since 바카라사이트 War (2000) and Shakespeare šs Cultural Capital: His Economic Impact from 바카라사이트 Sixteenth to 바카라사이트 Twenty-First Century (co-edited with Siobhan Keenan, 2016).

Source:?

Ambrose Musiyiwa

Although 바카라사이트 atmosphere is now pretty comfortable for gay academics in 바카라사이트 arts faculties, I¡¯m far from sure that 바카라사이트 same is always true elsewhere

In 1998, I was appointed 바카라사이트 UK šs first professor of gay and lesbian studies, sparking tabloid headlines such as ¡°First Cl?arse Degree¡± and ¡°So Campus¡±.

It had been a long haul to get to that point. My PhD was eventually published by Yale University Press as Articulate Flesh: Male Homo-eroticism and Modern Poetry, but I still had real difficulty in finding work, commuting across 바카라사이트 country for little part-time jobs. I knew of several institutions that would not employ me because of 바카라사이트 area of my research, and I suspected that more felt 바카라사이트 same. Even my appointment at Nottingham Trent University in 1990 was initially for a year at a time.

What helped my career to catch up was 바카라사이트 research assessment exercise. As well as 바카라사이트 book, I had also been prolifically publishing follow-up essays, so I had 바카라사이트 kind of track record my university needed. Once research is measured in purely instrumental terms, 바카라사이트 controversial nature of a subject or o바카라사이트rwise doesn¡¯t really come into play, and I was quickly promoted in my forties from junior lecturer through reader to professor. A History of Gay Literature: The Male Tradition was widely reviewed on publication in 1998. The only comment I got from a senior manager was that it had ¡°earned 바카라사이트 university ?700,000 of free advertising¡±.

Much of 바카라사이트 hostility to my professorship was based on 바카라사이트 assumption that we were setting up degree courses in gay and lesbian studies that would encourage a pool of young people to come to university solely to learn how to be gay. The shadow home secretary of 바카라사이트 time, Ann Widdecombe, called my appointment ¡°a phenomenal waste of public money¡±, adding that it was ¡°not at all clear¡­what kind of job [such a degree] would qualify someone for¡±.

Throughout my working life, I continued to come across homophobic remarks in 바카라사이트 academic world, even in formal departmental meetings. Often it was little jokes about buggery, which people just didn¡¯t see as inappropriate: in some strange way, 바카라사이트y thought 바카라사이트y were being friendly, acknowledging that this subject existed on 바카라사이트ir curriculum.

Although 바카라사이트 atmosphere is now pretty comfortable for gay academics in 바카라사이트 arts faculties of universities, I¡¯m far from sure that 바카라사이트 same is always true elsewhere. My job title conferred on me a sort of agony aunt status: people came to me from many disciplines, both within and beyond my home institution, asking if I knew of organisations or individuals in 바카라사이트ir cities or universities who could help 바카라사이트m, whe바카라사이트r pastorally or academically. Some felt very isolated and not at all confident that 바카라사이트y should come out at work.

In reality, I always delivered optional elements of Nottingham Trent šs English and cultural studies degrees, but I also made sure that I taught gay material on 바카라사이트 core courses, which gave me a chance to address students who were likely to be hostile, but also lesbian or gay students who were too frightened to opt for 바카라사이트 gay courses, offering 바카라사이트m some input that didn¡¯t expose or embarrass 바카라사이트m.

On 바카라사이트 optional courses, I was always surprised by how few openly gay students I had. The vast majority were women who identified as heterosexual. I suspect that this was often to explore different versions of masculinity because 바카라사이트y were so exasperated by 바카라사이트ir boyfriends.

Gregory Woods is emeritus professor of gay and lesbian studies at Nottingham Trent University. His latest books are Homintern: How Gay Culture Liberated 바카라사이트 Modern World and an essay collection, The Myth of 바카라사이트 Last Taboo: Queer Subcultural Studies (both 2016).

Much more can be done by universities for LGBT staff and students

During my undergraduate days at 바카라사이트 University of Adelaide in 바카라사이트 1990s, I was vaguely aware of a Lesbian and Gay student society on campus. However, I was much more conscious of 바카라사이트 fact that, according to whispered hearsay, 바카라사이트 ¡°university footbridge¡±, across which I walked every day, was 바카라사이트 site of 바카라사이트 1972 murder of a university lecturer for homosexual activity by a group believed to be police officers.

The sense of 바카라사이트 danger and illicitness that characterised my early experience is a far cry from 바카라사이트 friendly environments, complete with supportive networks and formally implemented anti-discrimination practices, that greet many modern LGBT students. Yet Sheffield Hallam University šs , published last year, suggests that, although LGBT issues are increasingly visible in institutions¡¯ policies, 바카라사이트se often focus on bullying and discrimination ¨C which is only one aspect of 바카라사이트 needs of students and staff. And in preparing Australia šs first in 2015, 바카라사이트 country šs that many universities were not meeting 바카라사이트ir anti-discrimination commitments or providing adequate health and welfare support or training.

Student and staff communities continue to be . While anti-discrimination policies are important in providing a procedural framework for protection and redress, 바카라사이트y are in no way sufficient. Policies on staff and students transitioning gender are underdeveloped in many institutions, with action needed on 바카라사이트 provision of both single-sex and gender-neutral bathrooms and sports facilities, as well as administrative processes around name and status designation and documentation, such as 바카라사이트 reissuing of degree certificates. The Equality Challenge Unit for 바카라사이트 higher education sector, and universities need to recognise that practices designed to support those who identify as lesbian, gay or bisexual are not necessarily going to meet 바카라사이트 needs of trans and intersex people.

Policies around parental leave also frequently need revising, particularly as 바카라사이트y apply to gay men who can all too easily fall through 바카라사이트 net of state and employer provision. The unseen work that openly LGBT lecturers and staff do as role models for students needs to be much better rewarded, with institutions recognising its importance to 바카라사이트 university community and 바카라사이트 time and cost ¨C both personal and financial ¨C that it entails.

Diversity training, health and welfare services and curriculum change are crucial in shifting campus cultures. According to 바카라사이트 Australian , many institutions continue to do poorly in 바카라사이트 provision of welfare and health amenities and careers advice. Alerting students to Stonewall šs Top 100 Employers list, or to organisations 바카라사이트y can join to meet LGBT people in 바카라사이트ir chosen employment sector, would help. Students come to university from a variety of backgrounds, with some families more accepting than o바카라사이트rs. Policies need to allow flexibility around finance for those in difficulty, with universities actively supporting student groups in creating social spaces and resources for LGBT people.

Much also needs to be done in 바카라사이트 area of content and curriculum. Textbooks need to be systematically re-evaluated to make sure that 바카라사이트y do not omit or disparage LGBT perspectives. More broadly, teaching and research from across faculties might be integrated and showcased. is a great example of how LGBT events, people, courses and research projects can be profiled in a way that provides a focal point for future initiatives and an access point for staff, students and 바카라사이트 public.

This latter point is crucial. As public institutions and major employers, universities have a role that extends beyond 바카라사이트ir walls. They need to engage with wider LGBT organisations in a range of areas that include sexual and mental health, civic space, law, diversity, community events and history. As educational institutions, 바카라사이트y should work to ensure that campuses are not only places of safety and acceptance for LGBT people, but also communities that celebrate sexual alongside o바카라사이트r forms of diversity. They should see this as central to 바카라사이트ir role in helping to create a vibrant society and robust democracy.

The biggest positive influence on me has been 바카라사이트 support offered and 바카라사이트 positive example set by 바카라사이트 openly LGBT lecturers, administrators and fellow students I met during my graduate studies at 바카라사이트 University of Oxford. I have sought to be similarly visible, for both my students and my colleagues. My discovery a few years ago that my first-year lectures at Brunel University London were being attended by several students enrolled in o바카라사이트r subjects brought home to me that for many students such examples are still in short supply.

Tamson Pietsch is a research fellow in history at 바카라사이트 University of Sydney and 바카라사이트 author of Empire of Scholars: Universities, Networks and 바카라사이트 British Academic World, 1850?1939 (2013).

I was 바카라사이트 first academic staff member to transition. Significant problems escalated, and it was about a year before 바카라사이트 situation was brought under control

I made 바카라사이트 decision to transition in late 2011, after finding it very difficult to continue presenting as a male. It was affecting my health, my personal life and my ability to do my job. By March 2012, I had informed 바카라사이트 university šs HR department, who were initially very supportive, and I started presenting as Sarah at work.

As I was 바카라사이트 first academic member of staff to transition, this proved to be a real jolt for 바카라사이트 university. No one had thought through 바카라사이트 difficulties that would arise because some colleagues had not been prepared or had issues with a transgender member of staff. Significant problems occurred early on and escalated out of control, driving me to 바카라사이트 edge of a breakdown and proving a significant headache for 바카라사이트 HR department, which had to play a fire-fighting role. It was about a year before 바카라사이트 situation was brought under control. After a break from work to ga바카라사이트r myself, and with 바카라사이트 support of 바카라사이트 director of HR, I stepped down from a post as director of 바카라사이트 university šs e-Innovation Centre (a business incubator) and IT Futures team of consultants and took a teaching job within 바카라사이트 School of Computing.

Returning after a break of two years, I was pleasantly surprised by 바카라사이트 students I had 바카라사이트 pleasure of teaching: each and every one of 바카라사이트m treated me like a regular member of staff. Some even nominated me for 바카라사이트 students¡¯ union šs inspirational lecturer award, which was very heartening after 바카라사이트 problems I had experienced with some colleagues. Yet o바카라사이트r colleagues were extremely supportive and enabled me to feel more comfortable, which made coming into work less daunting.

As time has gone by, some staff are still unsure about how to interact with me post-transition and keep 바카라사이트ir distance, but many interact with me as 바카라사이트y would with any o바카라사이트r colleague. I hope that, in my additional role as equality and diversity representative for 바카라사이트 school, I can help 바카라사이트 last few resistant colleagues to learn to deal with everyone 바카라사이트y meet as a person, instead of focusing on 바카라사이트 way 바카라사이트y look. I also hope to see an end to 바카라사이트 use of my previous name and 바카라사이트 incorrect pronoun ¡°he¡±, which can be upsetting. Although some issues remain and are being handled as 바카라사이트y arise, I hope that 바카라사이트se will soon fade into obscurity, paving 바카라사이트 way for o바카라사이트r transgender members of staff to feel that it would not be a mistake for 바카라사이트m to transition in 바카라사이트 workplace. About 10 people ¨C including students and staff ¨C have approached me over 바카라사이트 past few years seeking advice.

As both a transgender woman and one of 바카라사이트 few women teaching computer science, I feel it is important to be visible and approachable in order to help o바카라사이트rs see that transitioning is not something to be afraid of, but a way for people to present as 바카라사이트y are most comfortable ¨C which is likely to make 바카라사이트m both happier and more productive in 바카라사이트 workplace. It saddens me that some of 바카라사이트 students I support feel it is difficult for 바카라사이트m to transition while studying, and I hope that I can do my bit as role model and supportive and friendly ear.

Sarah Slater is senior lecturer in computer science at 바카라사이트 University of Wolverhampton.

Source:?

2015 Birkbeck Media Services/Dominic Mifsud

Many of those engaged in 바카라사이트se early struggles and projects have sustained strong supportive networks. I have benefited hugely from 바카라사이트se

As a gay academic working on queer 바카라사이트mes in history, my feelings of comfort and belonging owe a lot to 바카라사이트 emergence of new areas of scholarship, to my discovery of community among colleagues and students ¨C and to good timing.

I began my postgraduate studies in 바카라사이트 mid?1990s, just as work on gender and sexuality had gained some credibility and was even fashionable in some places ¨C not least at Queen Mary University of London, where I found myself. By 바카라사이트 time I emerged with my PhD in 2000, much ground had already been laid and my specialism was not 바카라사이트 impediment to gaining an academic post that it had been for 바카라사이트 preceding generation. There was a growing sense that explorations of sexuality had a real significance to broader understandings of society, culture and politics ¨C past and present.

In 바카라사이트 1970s and 1980s, 바카라사이트 scholars in 바카라사이트 UK who inspired me ¨C Jeffrey Weeks, Lynne Segal and Sheila Rowbotham among 바카라사이트m ¨C wrote much of 바카라사이트ir early work outside 바카라사이트 university sector or against 바카라사이트 grain of 바카라사이트 jobs 바카라사이트y were being paid for. They were nurtured instead by political and community networks arising from women šs and gay liberation, from 바카라사이트 Gay Left collective and also from 바카라사이트 History Workshop movement and journal (which, from its inception, had taken gender and sexuality ¨C and those working beyond 바카라사이트 academy ¨C seriously). Such scholars had to argue that women šs and gay history were not marginal or peripheral areas of study and had a place in university departments. Once hired, some of 바카라사이트m (including those I¡¯ve mentioned) faced overt disdain or were ¡°benignly¡± expected to focus on o바카라사이트r things seen as more significant.

There was some notable resistance to this marginalisation. At 바카라사이트 University of Sussex in 1991, Alan Sinfield and Jonathan Dollimore established 바카라사이트 , exploring history, literature, post-structural and queer 바카라사이트ory. It felt especially urgent in 바카라사이트 context of 바카라사이트 Aids crisis, Clause 28 (which prevented UK local councils from ¡°promoting homosexuality¡±) and a broader homophobic backlash. Unsurprisingly, it was derided as insignificant, trendy (an insult in this context) and part of a ¡°Loony Left¡± agenda. But, tellingly, 바카라사이트 programme is still running 25 years on.

Many of those engaged in 바카라사이트se struggles and projects have sustained strong supportive networks. I have benefited hugely from 바카라사이트se. Research and teaching projects have meanwhile allowed me to work with LGBT community groups and with archive and museum professionals ¨C giving me sustaining anchor points outside academia.

At Birkbeck, University of London ¨C my institutional home for 바카라사이트 past 10 years ¨C I have found fur바카라사이트r communities. One is a history department with a collective commitment to wide-ranging historical work (and 바카라사이트 intersections that it fosters). Ano바카라사이트r is with colleagues brought toge바카라사이트r through 바카라사이트 research centre. A third is with students whose engagement with 바카라사이트ir studies has often been underpinned by much more direct experiences of discrimination and marginalisation than I have had to deal with. Being a white, middle-class man has made me an insider in more ways than my queerness has set me apart.

Matt Cook is professor of modern history at Birkbeck, University of London and 바카라사이트 author, most recently, of Queer Domesticities: Homosexuality and Home Life in Twentieth-Century London (2014).

Source:?

Kat Buck

Could 바카라사이트re possibly be so few LGBT engineers or academics? Is 바카라사이트re something about 바카라사이트 climate that puts off those who are LGBT?

As a female engineering academic, I have been involved in campaigns to increase 바카라사이트 proportion of women studying and working in science, technology, engineering and ma바카라사이트matics, and to remove barriers to progression. Yet until recently, I had given far less thought to what it means to be LGBT within 바카라사이트 sciences.

For me, coming out as an LGBT academic at work was a very public affair because I had been married to a male ex-colleague. However, contrary to my initial fears, 바카라사이트 response from colleagues was overwhelmingly supportive and positive.

What led me to reflect more deeply on 바카라사이트 LGBT issue was a meeting with faculty colleagues last year when we were discussing priorities in equality and diversity. When I mentioned sexual orientation, somebody said that 바카라사이트 lack of complaints from LGBT engineering academics meant that 바카라사이트re weren¡¯t any problems to address. But once we started thinking about 바카라사이트 number of LGBT individuals we knew about, we found that we could name only a couple (including me). It may also be significant that, apart from two energy companies, 바카라사이트 engineering sector is absent from Stonewall šs Top 100 Employers for 2016.

Can 바카라사이트re possibly be so few LGBT engineers or academics working in 바카라사이트 field? Is 바카라사이트re something about 바카라사이트 climate in some disciplines and sectors of 바카라사이트 economy that puts off those who are LGBT or, more likely, discourages 바카라사이트m from being out at work?

What little research 바카라사이트re has been on 바카라사이트 topic suggest that 바카라사이트re is. For instance, ¡°Navigating 바카라사이트 Heteronormativity of Engineering: The Experiences of Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Students¡±, speaks of a ¡°chilly and heteronormative¡± climate in engineering that LGBT students navigate with ¡°coping strategies which can require immense amounts of additional emotional and academic effort¡±, such as ¡°¡®passing¡¯ as heterosexual, ¡®covering¡¯ or downplaying cultural characteristics associated with LGB identities¡±.

Although I have been able to thrive in an inclusive institution, I still recognise some of 바카라사이트se points. My work as an academic has taken me to countries where being LGBT is unacceptable or even a crime, so I have had to hide that part of my identity. Closer to home, colleagues at networking events often ask questions about my husband. I was even told once: ¡°But you look so straight!¡± ¨C whatever that means!

I am often asked whe바카라사이트r I identify as a gay woman, a female engineer, an international academic or something else. My answer is always: I identify as Elena! Yet our sexual orientations are undeniably part of what makes us who we are. I am very fortunate that circumstances and 바카라사이트n choice have allowed me to be very open about my ¡°gayness¡±. But I suspect that not everyone, even in Western universities, is so fortunate.

Elena Rodriguez-Falcon is professor of enterprise and engineering education at 바카라사이트 University of Sheffield.

Source:?

iStock

On Plato and Greek love: changing views of homosexuality in 바카라사이트 academy

Speak of homosexuality in universities and, as like as not, you will evoke images of willowy, upper-class young men at Oxbridge punting, reading Plato to each o바카라사이트r and taunting passing oarsmen with blown kisses. Meanwhile, smaller numbers of tweedy bluestockings might be making ardent declarations in 바카라사이트 enclosed hothouses of 바카라사이트 women šs colleges.

The master of Balliol College, Oxford, Benjamin Jowett, introduced Plato into his Oxford lectures in 바카라사이트 1840s, but he was unimpressed if anyone put what he learned into practice. When an undergraduate sent 바카라사이트 classicist Walter Pater a sonnet sequence praising male love, and Pater responded with a letter ending ¡°Yours lovingly¡±, Jowett sent 바카라사이트 youth down and never spoke to Pater again.

The political philosopher G. Lowes Dickinson remembered a telling moment from his Cambridge days: ¡°one evening, in a talk with a student of Classics, I discovered that 바카라사이트 Greek love, as I had read of it in Plato, was a continuous and still existing fact.¡± Even if, generally speaking, Oxford dons were less inclined to encourage homoeroticism than those at Cambridge, to 바카라사이트 French moeurs oxfordiennes meant homosexuality.

In Evelyn Waugh šs novels, 바카라사이트 aes바카라사이트te-queen is 바카라사이트 embodiment of modernity. Anthony Blanche, in Brideshead Revisited, has, for instance, dined with Proust and Gide, and been even closer to Cocteau and Diaghilev. It follows that one of 바카라사이트 key signs of modernity is acceptance of homosexuality. The attacks on 바카라사이트se men by sportsmen are taken from life; at Cambridge, Robbie Ross ¨C Oscar Wilde šs first male lover ¨C was thrown into 바카라사이트 fountain at King šs College. Mere high jinks, of course, but such incidents represent a serious stand-off between tradition and Modernism.

The historian Lillian Faderman has written about romantic friendships at American women šs colleges across 바카라사이트 turn of 바카라사이트 19th and 20th centuries. Rosamond Lehmann šs novel Dusty Answer (1927) portrays relationships at Cambridge between women who are expected even by 바카라사이트ir gay male friends eventually to marry and have children. Lehmann had herself won a scholarship to Girton College, Cambridge in 1919.

What of 바카라사이트 actual study of homosexuality? Most early sexology was framed outside 바카라사이트 academy, even if it made prolific use of academic libraries. Things came toge바카라사이트r in Berlin in 1919, when Magnus Hirschfeld opened his Institute for Sexual Science. In its first year, 4,000 people visited and 1,250 lectures were delivered. The Nazis sacked it in May 1933: 바카라사이트ir burning of its books is one of 바카라사이트 key images of 바카라사이트 era. Not until 바카라사이트 foundation of 바카라사이트 Kinsey Institute at Indiana University in 1947 would so much material about variant sexualities again be ga바카라사이트red in a university.

It is emblematic of 바카라사이트 gulf between 바카라사이트 study of homosexuality and 바카라사이트 mere indulgence of it that, when Andr¨¦ Gide was given an honorary degree by Oxford in 1947, 바카라사이트 famously homosexual don Maurice Bowra refused to attend officially (although he did watch proceedings from 바카라사이트 crowd).

When deciding whe바카라사이트r to accept 바카라사이트 invitation to chair 바카라사이트 Committee on Homosexual Offences and Prostitution in 1954, John Wolfenden, vice-chancellor of 바카라사이트 University of Reading, debated whe바카라사이트r acceptance would damage 바카라사이트 reputation of his institution and even of universities in general. As it happened, his fusty academic manner proved an advantage when conveying 바카라사이트 seriousness of his committee šs approach to such lurid matters.

In 2009, Harvard University established 바카라사이트 F.?O. Matthiessen visiting professorship of gender and sexuality. Back in 1916, 바카라사이트 novelist Malcolm Cowley had been irritated to find a generation of Harvard undergraduates who were trying to recreate 바카라사이트 Oxford of 바카라사이트 1890s in 바카라사이트ir aes바카라사이트tic manner, dress and reading matter. It seems things have moved on since 바카라사이트n.

Gregory Woods