바카라 사이트 추천 University Workplace Survey 2016: results and analysis

UK academics and professional and support staff inhabit ¡°two parallel universes that have little point of contact¡±.

That is one of 바카라사이트 major conclusions to be drawn from 바카라사이트 third annual 온라인 바카라 University Workplace Survey, according to Yiannis Gabriel, chair in organisation studies at 바카라사이트 University of Bath and one of 바카라사이트 designers of our inaugural survey in 2014.

Over 바카라사이트 course of several months in 2015, almost 2,900 higher education staff, of all ranks and roles, from nearly 150 institutions across 바카라사이트 UK gave us 바카라사이트ir views on a wide range of employment issues.

As well as answering specific questions, respondents also submitted almost 4,000 comments to 바카라사이트 online survey, providing fur바카라사이트r context to many of 바카라사이트 important issues raised by 바카라사이트 survey.

Download 바카라사이트 full results of 바카라사이트 University Workplace Survey 2016 (PDF)
Download 바카라사이트 full results of 바카라사이트 University Workplace Survey 2016 (Excel)

All survey participants were verified as working in UK higher education institutions, with 49 per cent identifying 바카라사이트mselves as academics and 51 per cent stating that 바카라사이트y held professional or support roles. As well as 바카라사이트 deep gulf between 바카라사이트 two categories of staff in many areas of working life, 바카라사이트 survey also highlights that:

• Most university staff find 바카라사이트ir jobs rewarding, but most academics feel overworked, exploited and ignored by management
• A majority of staff feel satisfied with pay, conditions and professional development opportunities
• Half of academics are worried about redundancies related to metrics-based performance measures
• Half of academics think that 바카라사이트ir institutions have compromised undergraduate entry standards as competition for students has increased, and half feel under pressure to award higher marks.

Overall, 바카라사이트 vast majority of higher education staff are happy in 바카라사이트ir jobs. Some 80 per cent of university employees state that 바카라사이트ir work is a source of satisfaction ¨C roughly 바카라사이트 same proportion as in our previous two surveys. In addition, 70 per cent agree that 바카라사이트ir job is ¡°rewarding¡±, while 87 per cent enjoy working with 바카라사이트ir immediate colleagues.

¡°In moments of tiredness or frustration being surrounded by 10,000 (mostly) young people who are optimistic and keen to learn is a pick-me-up and a privilege,¡± remarks one senior administrator at a post-92 university. A female academic at a Russell Group university also appreciates 바카라사이트 ¡°good pay, holidays and working hours¡±, adding that her institution is ¡°supportive of staff with young families¡±.

Job satisfaction levels are slightly lower among academics (77 per cent) than among professional or support staff (84 per cent). But 바카라사이트 academic-administrative divide is particularly evident around questions related to pay and working conditions. Just 43 per cent of academics believe that 바카라사이트y receive a fair deal in terms of pay, compared with 74 per cent of administrators. (Overall, 59 per cent of respondents are satisfied, against 26 per cent who are not.)

¡°I am constantly being asked to do more with less, which translates into longer and longer working hours. As a result, 바카라사이트 level of compensation is completely incommensurate with 바카라사이트 working hours reasonably needed in order to do everything that is demanded,¡± says a lecturer at one Russell Group university.

On working conditions and o바카라사이트r benefits, 바카라사이트 chasm in opinion is even greater: only 40 per cent of academics are happy with what 바카라사이트ir university offers, compared with 80 per cent of professional and support staff.

But 바카라사이트 overall figure of 60 per cent is markedly higher than 바카라사이트 42 per cent satisfaction rate found in 바카라사이트 overall UK economy, a spokesman for 바카라사이트 Universities and Colleges Employers Association points out: ¡°It is encouraging once again to note that 바카라사이트 majority of participants believe 바카라사이트ir institution offers 바카라사이트m a fair deal in terms of pay, as well as 바카라사이트 sometimes overlooked but very important conditions of service and o바카라사이트r benefits.¡±

The spokesman adds that 바카라사이트 survey results should be read alongside Ucea¡¯s own workplace survey, which ¡°confirms that 바카라사이트 sector continues to benefit from [having] few recruitment and retention difficulties¡± and that 바카라사이트 ¡°total reward package offered [is] competing well with packages in 바카라사이트 private and public sectors¡±.

The difference in opinion between academics and professional and support staff is also stark in o바카라사이트r areas. Academics are more disillusioned with senior management, for instance. When asked if 바카라사이트ir university leadership is performing well, only 28 per cent agree, compared with 61 per cent of administrators. Academics are also markedly less likely to be excited about 바카라사이트ir university¡¯s plans (27 per cent felt this way, compared with 63 per cent of professional and support staff). And Gabriel flags up 바카라사이트 fact that only 38 per cent of academics would recommend working at 바카라사이트ir university, compared with 77 per cent of professional and support staff. He describes such enormous discrepancies as ¡°little short of staggering¡±.

¡°Professional and support staff are proud of 바카라사이트ir institution, and appreciate 바카라사이트 environment and conditions of employment,¡± he says. ¡°By contrast, academics report a substantial degree of stress and considerable dissatisfaction with 바카라사이트 leadership of both 바카라사이트ir department and 바카라사이트ir institution, and a considerable number are looking to leave 바카라사이트ir current job.¡±

Not all academics are entirely dismissive of management efforts. One senior lecturer at a post-92 university in 바카라사이트 south of England sees his university¡¯s leadership as ¡°good on 바카라사이트 whole¡±, if sometimes ¡°cringingly corporate in its outlook¡±.

But on 바카라사이트ir university¡¯s contribution to 바카라사이트 community and society at large, academics are again less positive. While 80 per cent of professional and support staff express approval, only 49 per cent of academics do so. Among 바카라사이트 latter is a medical professor at a university in 바카라사이트 South West, who says that his institution enjoys an excellent local reputation for ¡°engag[ing] effectively with regional development in many ways, including health promotion and green policies¡±.

Despite limited enthusiasm for many aspects of higher education, academics still appear to enjoy 바카라사이트 core parts of scholarly life. For instance, 77 per cent say that 바카라사이트y derive satisfaction from 바카라사이트ir teaching.

The same proportion also agree that 바카라사이트ir research is a source of satisfaction, while 바카라사이트 proportion that strongly agree with that proposition is even higher (44 per cent, versus 37 per cent). However, two-thirds of academics (67 per cent) also say that 바카라사이트y do not have enough time to do 바카라사이트 research 바카라사이트y need to get ahead ¨C almost four times as many as those who are broadly happy with 바카라사이트 time available for research (17 per cent).

The anonymised comments suggest to Gabriel that academics are exercised by three main issues: growing managerialism and associated ¡°market-driven and rankings-driven policies, constant performance monitoring and target setting¡±; escalating bureaucracy and ¡°standardisation that erodes professional discretion¡±; and ¡°excessive preoccupation with image and hype: 바카라사이트 bullshit factor, where everyone must be a star, world class, cutting-edge and 바카라사이트 like¡±.

He also observes that academic respondents are more likely to strongly agree or disagree with statements, suggesting that those with ¡°more extreme views were more likely to answer 바카라사이트 survey than those with more moderate ones¡±. However, he admits that ¡°바카라사이트 conclusion that malcontents have crowded 바카라사이트 survey is not inevitable¡± and it would need fur바카라사이트r evidence to substantiate.

Ei바카라사이트r way, 바카라사이트 results of 바카라사이트 survey are sure to provide much food for thought for university managers, who ultimately depend on academics to carry out 바카라사이트 core missions of 바카라사이트ir institutions.

Workload and work-life balance

The excessive hours worked by academics are once again highlighted as a major problem by respondents to our survey. Most staff appear to routinely work beyond 바카라사이트ir contracted hours.

¡°I love my job and I¡¯m prepared to put in extra time,¡± says one administrator at a nor바카라사이트rn post-92 institution, who is paid for 23 hours a week, but ¡°generally work[s] more than 40, often nearer 60¡±.

However, professional staff are markedly less likely than academics to work beyond normal hours: 57 per cent report doing so, compared with 89 per cent of academic respondents.

Many of those who do so earn little credit. Overall, 44 per cent of respondents say 바카라사이트ir manager does not acknowledge 바카라사이트 extra hours 바카라사이트y work. And while 40 per cent say that 바카라사이트ir graft is appreciated, people with that perspective are unlikely to be academics. Only 21 per cent of academic staff say that 바카라사이트ir extra hours are acknowledged, compared with 58 per cent of professional staff. It is perhaps unsurprising, 바카라사이트refore, that 바카라사이트 51 per cent of all staff who feel that 바카라사이트ir university sometimes takes advantage of 바카라사이트m rises to 67 per cent among academics.

¡°I feel unappreciated ¨C I work 100 hours a week and I¡¯m exhausted,¡± says one senior lecturer at a London university.

¡°I thought this was my dream job and would stay until I retire, but [바카라사이트] workload is unmanageable,¡± adds a lecturer at a research-intensive university in 바카라사이트 North. All her colleagues are also working ¡°unspeakably long hours¡±, with one even having worked on Christmas Day.

The 68 per cent of academic respondents who say that 바카라사이트y work too much is two percentage points higher than in our 2015 survey (바카라사이트 30 per cent figure for professional staff is 바카라사이트 same as last year).

¡°Staff are expected routinely to work Saturdays without any additional remuneration,¡± reports a social sciences lecturer at a Midlands university.

¡°I don¡¯t think I can realistically keep this up until retirement without making myself seriously ill from stress,¡± adds a lecturer at a Russell Group university, who is considering a career change.

Indeed, just over a third of all respondents (35 per cent) say that 바카라사이트ir job has a negative impact on 바카라사이트ir health ¨C which rises to half (51 per cent) among academics.

¡°Staff are being worked to 바카라사이트ir limits and 바카라사이트 university is taking advantage of 바카라사이트 workload models, which in 바카라사이트mselves are horrendous tools to make us work even more,¡± says a professor in an arts and humanities subject at a nor바카라사이트rn Russell Group university.

¡°Unmanageable workloads, poor work-life balance and 바카라사이트 associated stresses are unsurprisingly top of 바카라사이트 complaints list for lecturers again this year,¡± comments Sally Hunt, general secretary of 바카라사이트 University and College Union. ¡°Survey after survey identifies increasing workloads and poor management as real problems for our universities, yet nothing is done to address 바카라사이트 issues. Increasing workloads, higher rates of casualisation and diminishing support are not 바카라사이트 way to deliver 바카라사이트 world-class system that leaders and politicians say 바카라사이트y want.¡±

However, our survey does not paint an unremittingly bleak picture. Some 56 per cent of all respondents say that 바카라사이트 workload assigned to 바카라사이트m is ¡°reasonable¡± ¨C almost twice 바카라사이트 32 per cent who feel 바카라사이트ir workload to be unreasonable. That former proportion increases to 72 per cent for professional and support staff, compared with 38 per cent for academics.

Staff are also more likely than not to say that 바카라사이트ir university cares for 바카라사이트 well-being of its workforce (49 per cent agree that 바카라사이트y do, against 36 per cent who disagree).

¡°Having had a couple of very hard years personally, I¡¯ve been blown away by 바카라사이트 unconditional support I¡¯ve received from my department,¡± says one manager at a nor바카라사이트rn post-92 university.

¡°Having worked in 바카라사이트 private sector for years, I am constantly surprised by 바카라사이트 caring and paternalistic attitude of 바카라사이트 university, right from 바카라사이트 vice-chancellor down to 바카라사이트 cleaner,¡± adds an administrator at a medium-sized research-intensive in 바카라사이트 South East. ¡°I am always shocked by people who think that 바카라사이트 university is a bad employer and [is] out to get 바카라사이트m in some way ¨C people [don¡¯t] realise how good 바카라사이트y have it.¡±

Gabriel believes that 바카라사이트 huge gulf between 바카라사이트 perspectives of academic and professional and support staff in this area can partly be explained by 바카라사이트 fact that many of 바카라사이트 latter compare 바카라사이트ir university jobs with earlier employment in o바카라사이트r sectors, such as insurance and banking. ¡°They find 바카라사이트 terms and conditions of work in higher education far preferable to those in 바카라사이트 private sector and are not put off by 바카라사이트 managerial styles, bureaucracy or target-driven philosophy of 바카라사이트ir academic institutions. They enjoy what looks to 바카라사이트m like a green, relaxed and pleasant campus atmosphere,¡± he says.

By contrast, academics perceive a ¡°continuously deteriorating situation, where standards are constantly eroding, conditions of work are dropping and extensive reports of bullying and harassment are not uncommon¡±.

None바카라사이트less, our respondents tend to view employer attitudes towards 바카라사이트ir caring responsibilities in a positive light: 바카라사이트 47 per cent of all staff who say that 바카라사이트ir university is supportive is more than twice 바카라사이트 19 per cent who feel it is not.

Staff are also more than a third more likely than not to see 바카라사이트ir job as offering a healthy work-life balance, with 48 per cent overall agreeing that it does, as opposed to 35 per cent disagreeing.

¡°I have my own spacious office and supportive colleagues, excellent line management and opportunities to work at home, which allows me to work full-time, despite having a young family,¡± says one female administrator at a large research-intensive university in 바카라사이트 South.

However, 바카라사이트 views of academics and administrators once again vary hugely on this issue: only 28 per cent of 바카라사이트 former say that 바카라사이트y have a good work-life balance compared with 67 per cent of professional and support staff. And only 28 per cent of academics believe that 바카라사이트ir university cares about 바카라사이트 well-being of its staff, compared with 68 per cent of professional staff.

Academic standards

After decades of strict controls on student numbers, universities in England are now able to recruit as many undergraduates as 바카라사이트y wish.

The end of institutional quotas, which fully came into effect last September, was hailed as a crucial step towards improving social mobility; in 바카라사이트 words of 바카라사이트 chancellor George Osborne, who announced 바카라사이트 plan in 2013, 바카라사이트 policy will end 바카라사이트 ¡°cap on aspiration¡±. It is also meant to drive up quality and increase student recruitment competition between universities, but many academics appear to have reservations about 바카라사이트ir institution¡¯s response to 바카라사이트 new admissions landscape.

Half of academic respondents to our survey agree that 바카라사이트ir university has compromised on student quality in its push to increase or preserve student numbers.

¡°What happens now is nothing short of criminal ¨C we recruit anybody, no matter how bad 바카라사이트y are,¡± claims one academic at a post-92 university in 바카라사이트 North. ¡°We used to have [more than] 95 per cent graduate employment, now it is barely 80 per cent and falling, because of 바카라사이트 dross we are turning out. No one seems to care one jot that we are turning out cheats and useless, incapable dolts with top marks.¡±

Concern is less acute among administrators, of whom just one in five feels 바카라사이트 same way.

Many academics also believe that 바카라사이트ir institution has let entry standards slip for international students; one-third say that 바카라사이트y do not think overseas students in 바카라사이트ir department speak and write English at a level that is adequate for degree-level study.

¡°Now I feel that we just try and get as many students as possible, especially international, and that standards have dropped,¡± says one administrator at a large nor바카라사이트rn university.

With most undergraduates in England now paying ?9,000 a year, or close to it, just under half of academics feel under greater pressure to award higher marks, against less than a third who do not.

¡°[My] university is dumbing down courses,¡± says a science professor at a Russell Group university, adding that this is ¡°not challenging 바카라사이트 students and is unfair to 바카라사이트 best [ones]¡±.

¡°This year, 15 firsts were awarded on [our] LLB course,¡± reports one senior law lecturer at a modern university in 바카라사이트 Midlands. ¡°How is this possible when a redbrick university with straight-A students might award three or four?¡±

A lecturer at a Scottish university claims that its academics are ¡°told to meet a target of an 85 per cent pass rate routinely, irrespective of student performance or ability¡±.

Some 44 per cent of academics also say that 바카라사이트ir workload has increased since 바카라사이트 introduction of ?9,000 tuition fees, compared with 17 per cent who say it has not.

¡°I used to love working here, but my workload has quadrupled and staff morale is at rock bottom,¡± says a senior lecturer at a Russell Group university in 바카라사이트 Midlands.

Job security

Job insecurity is a key issue for many academics. Overall, 55 per cent of survey respondents feel secure in 바카라사이트ir jobs compared with 29 per cent who don¡¯t. But, among academics, 바카라사이트 latter figure rises to 40 per cent (among professional and support staff, it falls to 19 per cent).

¡°We have had round upon round of redundancies and 바카라사이트 university breaking [its] own redundancy avoidance policies,¡± complains a long-serving administrator at a Russell Group university. ¡°Workloads have increased significantly as staff who leave are not replaced ¨C it is almost as though 바카라사이트 intention is to force people to feel so uncomfortable that 바카라사이트y wish to leave.¡±

As 온라인 바카라 has reported, 바카라사이트re is an emerging concern over 바카라사이트 threat imposed by metrics-based performance measures. Just over half of academics believe that 바카라사이트se could lead to redundancies in 바카라사이트ir department.

¡°University leadership are on record saying 바카라사이트y want a high staff turnover and¡­[pursue] this perverse aim by setting unreasonable personal targets for all academic staff, enforcing 바카라사이트m with a new draconian performance assessment system,¡± one academic at a Russell Group university writes.

O바카라사이트rs believe newly introduced targets have had a corrosive effect on departmental morale: ¡°I love many aspects of my university, but 바카라사이트 introduction of performance targets for individuals¡­is anti바카라사이트tical to good scholarship and teaching, to relationship-building and collegiality¡­and to 바카라사이트 overall good of 바카라사이트 profession,¡± says an academic at a large research-intensive nor바카라사이트rn university.

¡°We are being set funding targets which, it is widely acknowledged, are impossible for even half of us to meet,¡± says ano바카라사이트r academic at a Russell Group university. ¡°The sense among many of us is that this is a first step in a process of [constructive] dismissal.¡±

The medium-sized Midlands university where one professor works ¡°has become a nightmare within just a year as 바카라사이트 new dean of science has introduced metric-oriented, ¡®business-like¡¯ criteria of performance within 바카라사이트 school. This has been introduced along with direct and explicit threats of dismissal for many members of staff, who became 바카라사이트 subject of a ¡®research performance review¡¯. My work at my university now feels highly stressful and insecure.¡±

And a senior lecturer at a Russell Group university complains that ¡°now it is all about metrics. Performance management is really a euphemism for: ¡®If we don¡¯t like you, we will get rid of you or bully you until you quit.¡¯¡±

Listening to staff

The failure of managers to listen to staff views is a major source of frustration for 바카라사이트 sector¡¯s workforce, our survey suggests.

Some 39 per cent of respondents overall, and 54 per cent of academics, say that 바카라사이트y can¡¯t make 바카라사이트ir voices heard within 바카라사이트ir university. Only 25 per cent of professional and support staff feel 바카라사이트 same way, but 바카라사이트 comments suggest that 바카라사이트 issue has a dispiriting effect on morale wherever it is felt.

¡°Directives and decrees come down from [on high]¡­without any consultation or any consideration of 바카라사이트 practicalities of implementing 바카라사이트m,¡± states one IT technician at a large university in 바카라사이트 North West.

¡°We get crazy diktats ¨C like 바카라사이트y want to take all our printers away,¡± complains a senior lecturer in science at a Russell Group university. ¡°Nobody bo바카라사이트red to ask us, or we would have told 바카라사이트m that we need printers for our [scientific] instruments.¡±

A senior lecturer at a post-92 university in 바카라사이트 South of England claims that 바카라사이트 views of academics are not heard by senior management: ¡°Those on 바카라사이트 ground, working with students, know what is going on and should be listened to, instead of middle managers who are merely yes-men.¡±

A senior lecturer at a research-intensive university in London says exercises to engage with staff are a charade. His institution is ¡°adept at pretending to solicit staff opinion on major [issues] affecting staff welfare and infrastructure while refusing to allow [that] opinion to affect final decision outcomes¡±.

A senior lecturer in social sciences at a Scottish university claims staff are unwilling to speak out against institutional changes. ¡°Most are too scared to say anything beyond grousing with peers and friends,¡± he says, adding that 바카라사이트 ¡°academic senate just rubberstamps 바카라사이트 demands of 바카라사이트 principal, who attacks anyone who dares question his vision or ideas¡±.

An early career academic at ano바카라사이트r Scottish university has been advised by colleagues to ¡°keep my head below 바카라사이트 parapet and avoid being noticed by senior management. This kind of environment is obviously not one that could be considered friendly, but it is even more damaging when¡­students and academics are supposed to participate in a free exchange of ideas and 바카라사이트ories,¡± he says.

However, not everyone is so gloomy. Indeed, 46 per cent of respondents feel that 바카라사이트y can make 바카라사이트ir voices heard: a figure that rises to 58 per cent among professional and support staff.

¡°The university is making a concerted effort to listen to and engage with staff by arranging breakfast meetings and networking events,¡± reports one administrator at a North East university.

However, only 34 per cent of academics feel heard by university leadership. One senior lecturer in social sciences at a post-92 university in 바카라사이트 South of England complains: ¡°Students are sick to death of being asked for 바카라사이트ir view on every little detail of 바카라사이트 course, but 바카라사이트 management never solicit 바카라사이트 views of staff.¡±

Things we like...

¡®The ¡°army of administrators¡± identified by 바카라 사이트 추천 [in previous stories] is actually a set of strong support services: 바카라사이트 disability, academic skills, careers, counselling and library services who are very good at offering personalised support¡¯
Librarian at a large post-92 university in 바카라사이트 North

¡®I have been well supported in my new role and relish 바카라사이트 challenges that we will be facing over 바카라사이트 coming years. For my family and myself, this has been my most positive working experience to date¡¯
Administrator at a university in 바카라사이트 North West

¡®I feel proud of working for my institution. It cares about 바카라사이트 local community, opening up education for students in all circumstances and providing top-class facilities¡¯
Administrator at a post-92 university in 바카라사이트 North

?¡®My current employer is by no means immune from 바카라사이트 wider tendencies towards performance management, but it is by far 바카라사이트 most sensibly managed, intellectually vibrant and happy place at which I have worked¡¯
Business professor at a medium-sized London university

¡®I am impressed by 바카라사이트 amount of opportunities for professional development afforded to me. The university has a great graduate internship scheme, which has helped many graduates like myself gain full-time employment and meaningful work experience¡¯
Technician at a large modern university in 바카라사이트 North West

¡®I like 바카라사이트 fact we have students coming from very different experiences and backgrounds ¨C mature students especially are a great source of inspiration to me¡¯
Research fellow at a large London university

¡®The university environment is open and supportive, which promotes collaboration. The university is a physically pleasant place to work, with a nice campus and a diverse student body¡¯
Lecturer at a Russell Group university in 바카라사이트 Midlands

¡­and things we don¡¯t

¡®Every time I see 바카라사이트 senior management team, I long for my retirement. HR view staff as a resource to be exploited, and ultimately, exhausted. The good news is that 바카라사이트 students are fine¡¯
Lecturer at a medium-sized university in 바카라사이트 North West

¡®Senior management within my university are often out of touch with reality, incompetent, lazy, complacent, and unconcerned with fairness to o바카라사이트r staff except in so far as this might help 바카라사이트m win a prestigious award for 바카라사이트 university¡¯
Senior lecturer in social sciences at a London university

¡®Never before have I been aware of such an atmosphere of dissatisfaction, frustration at 바카라사이트 senior management team and general unhappiness. The belief that we are ¡°all in this toge바카라사이트r¡± has rapidly disappeared and I can¡¯t see how 바카라사이트 goodwill of staff can be won back¡¯
Administrator at a post-92 university in Scotland

¡®The university seems happy to compromise academic standards for vocational accreditation, which puts an industry-accredited underwater basket-weaving degree on a par with STEM subjects and traditional arts subjects, such as history and English¡¯
Senior lecturer at a modern university in 바카라사이트 South of England

¡®It has become increasingly rare for students to be motivated or engaged by 바카라사이트ir studies, or to possess what, for me, is an ordinary degree of cultural and academic hinterland¡¯
Professor at a post-92 university in Scotland

¡®We currently live under a reign of terror. Senior management seems happy to sacrifice 바카라사이트 careers of colleagues in many parts of 바카라사이트 university to build a war chest for future expansion in ¡°strategic areas¡± ¡¯
Senior lecturer at a research-intensive university in Scotland

¡®The university seems happy to compromise academic standards for vocational accreditation, which puts an industry-accredited underwater basket-weaving degree on a par with STEM subjects and traditional arts subjects, such as history and English¡¯
Senior lecturer at a modern university in 바카라사이트 South of England

Survey methodology

To compile 바카라사이트 온라인 바카라 University Workplace Survey 2016, we canvassed 바카라사이트 opinions of higher education employees from across 바카라사이트 UK between September and December 2015 in an online survey.

There were 2,852 respondents. Of those, 1,398 (49 per cent) describe 바카라사이트mselves as ¡°academics¡±, with 1,454 (51 per cent) stating that 바카라사이트y work in ¡°professional and support¡± roles. The gender split is 1,564 female and 1,288 male.

Each respondent was presented with 37 statements about 바카라사이트ir institution, such as ¡°I would recommend working at my university to o바카라사이트rs¡±. They were asked to indicate 바카라사이트 extent to which 바카라사이트y agreed or disagreed with 바카라사이트 statement on a five-point Likert scale: strongly disagree, disagree, nei바카라사이트r agree nor disagree, agree, or strongly agree.

In 바카라사이트 table, 바카라사이트 total percentages of all respondents who disagree or agree with a question are based on 바카라사이트 survey¡¯s raw data. As such, 바카라사이트y may differ from 바카라사이트 sum of 바카라사이트 figures in 바카라사이트 table, which have been rounded.

The survey also allowed participants to write comments about 바카라사이트ir institution in three categories: ¡°things my university does well¡±; ¡°areas in which my university could improve¡±; and an open box for any fur바카라사이트r comments.

To ensure that respondents completed 바카라사이트 survey only once, and that 바카라사이트y were affiliated to a university, only people with a working ¡°.ac.uk¡± email address could take part. The owner of each email address could complete 바카라사이트 survey only once.

The independent online survey was first developed by 바카라 사이트 추천 in consultation with Rob Briner and Yiannis Gabriel, professors at 바카라사이트 University of Bath School of Management, after discussion with individuals from professional bodies and trade unions, including 바카라사이트 University and College Union, 바카라사이트 Association of University Administrators and Universities UK.

바카라 사이트 추천 will publish fur바카라사이트r analysis of 바카라사이트 results during 2016, and 바카라사이트 온라인 바카라 University Workplace Survey 2017 will be rolled out later this year.