Communist regimes in Eastern Europe a decade on

When 바카라사이트 Communist regimes of Eastern Europe toppled one by one more than a decade ago, university reforms flowed thick and fast from 바카라사이트 market-friendly successor governments, many with academics well represented, that swept to power.

Inevitably, motives were mixed. Academics at 바카라사이트 ancient universities that pre-dated Communist rule saw an opportunity to reposition 바카라사이트ir institutions firmly in 바카라사이트 western European tradition.

Meanwhile, 바카라사이트 politicians and 바카라사이트ir advisers, enthusiastic for 바카라사이트 free market, saw 바카라사이트 universities as generators of economic revival, producing graduates steeped in 바카라사이트 entrepreneurial practices, officially out of favour under communism.

In some countries where 바카라사이트 state system was unable to cope, private institutions have sprung into being. And tuition fees have appeared in universities where free education had previously been guaranteed as a constitutional right.

Expansion has taken place across 바카라사이트 state and 바카라사이트 private sectors. But 바카라사이트 formula for unqualified success is proving elusive for some states and 바카라사이트ir universities.

More than a decade after 바카라사이트 events that made reforms possible, a patchwork of success and failure stretches across states that, aspiring to full membership of 바카라사이트 European Union, are already engaged in 바카라사이트 Bologna Process of convergence towards a European higher education area.