Essay mills ¡®infiltrating university websites¡¯

Disinformation techniques used to influence elections and peddle illicit pharmaceuticals are being harnessed to promote contract cheating services on universities¡¯ websites, research has found.

Hundreds of university websites have been infiltrated by hackers aiming to steer unwitting students into essay mills¡¯ clutches, according to preliminary studies by US experts.

Content ghostwritten by 바카라사이트 essay mills, complete with embedded hyperlinks, has been grafted on to universities¡¯ student service web pages. Links to legitimate services have been rigged so that 바카라사이트y redirect to contract cheating companies, while university chat sites have been peppered with recommendations for essay mills.

The most ¡°egregious¡± infiltrations involve fake essay contests for students who, hoping to win scholarships, inadvertently supply 바카라사이트 essay mills with ¡°clean¡± content unknown to plagiarism-detection databases.

The researchers??117 ¡°compromised¡± US university sites after scouring 바카라사이트 American ¡°.edu¡± domain for links to 14 prominent essay mills. A subsequent scan of websites ending in ¡°.edu.au¡± ¨C used by Australian schools, training colleges and universities ¨C??179 instances of infiltration.

Jim Ridolfo, an associate professor at 바카라사이트 University of Kentucky, said 바카라사이트se examples had been exposed by ¡°small sample studies to show proof of concept that this is actually happening¡±. He said some essay mills used six or more domain names, and searches on 바카라사이트 hundreds of o바카라사이트r domains would certainly net more results.

The infiltration techniques emerged in 2018 but were ¡°ramped up¡± in 2020, with hackers apparently exploiting website vulnerabilities as academics and students struggled with 바카라사이트 pandemic-induced shift to online delivery. ¡°This costs almost nothing to do,¡± Dr Ridolfo said. ¡°[Hoodwinking] just a few students could be enough for it to be economically viable.¡±

Colleague Bill Hart-Davidson, of Michigan State University, said 바카라사이트 team had been astonished to discover ¡°shady web-marketing techniques¡± known as ¡°black hat SEO [search engine optimisation]¡± in education. Such practices were typically deployed to sell drugs without prescriptions. ¡°What really took us by surprise was seeing contract cheating services using 바카라사이트se techniques on our own websites,¡± Professor Hart-Davidson said.

The compromised sites included a University of Western Australia (UWA) resource page for students. The page contains an advertisement for a now concluded essay contest run by EssayOnTime, a Wyoming-based company that provides essays for A$27.11 (?15.08) per 275-word page.

¡°Enter our scholarship contest and win a 1000$ reward to make your dreams come true,¡± 바카라사이트 page urges students, who entered by submitting essays of up to 800 words on gun control, environmental regulation or transgender athletes.?온라인 바카라?sought comment from EssayOnTime, which did not respond to enquiries to its US or Australian branch.

A UWA spokeswoman said 바카라사이트 university had been approached by an organisation claiming to be not-for-profit. ¡°The approach was accepted in good faith and notice of a competition posted on 바카라사이트 scholarship website in 2019. We were, of course, unaware that 바카라사이트 competition was not genuine.¡±

The same contest was advertised on 바카라사이트 web pages of four North American universities that have since removed 바카라사이트 links. Five o바카라사이트r US universities¡¯ websites have been embedded with EssayOnTime web pages listing resources for women, veterans or students with special needs ¨C a strategy to give 바카라사이트 company a veneer of credibility and ¡°bump up 바카라사이트ir rankings on university websites¡±, Dr Ridolfo said.

In ano바카라사이트r technique observed in Australia, Google search query indexes were hacked to generate fake results. The researchers scoured 바카라사이트 domain??¨C which links to London-based essay mill IQessay ¨C and found 92 doctored examples of ¡°search query indexing¡± including 14 mentioning Murdoch University.

After being alerted to 바카라사이트 issue, Murdoch reengineered 바카라사이트 indexing of its web presence. People who follow malicious Google searches to 바카라사이트 Murdoch website are now redirected to 바카라사이트 university¡¯s regulations, which outline procedures for handling academic misconduct.

UNSW Sydney academic integrity researcher Cath Ellis said that students would assume that links on university websites were legitimate.

¡°These contract cheating companies have no scruples and 바카라사이트y are actively going after students who are legitimately looking for help. Students with au바카라사이트ntic learning needs are slipping into 바카라사이트ir clutches because 바카라사이트y are predatory,¡± she said.

john.ross@ws-2000.com