Foreign academics ¡®less likely¡¯ to speak up for academic freedom

The hiring of international academics at universities in Singapore could reinforce 바카라사이트 country¡¯s lack of academic freedom and ¡°make 바카라사이트 academy more conservative¡±, a scholar has claimed.

Internationalisation ¨C in particular 바카라사이트 establishment of international research collaborations and 바카라사이트 recruitment of foreign staff ¨C has been hailed by some as a way for 바카라사이트 West to exert a positive influence on academia in authoritarian countries, by improving teaching and research practices and increasing academic freedom.

But Linda Lim, a Singaporean emeritus professor at 바카라사이트 Stephen M. Ross School of Business at 바카라사이트 University of Michigan, told 온라인 바카라 that 바카라사이트 opposite could be true in 바카라사이트 case of Singapore.

She said that some young scholars were leaving 바카라사이트 country to work in nations such as 바카라사이트 US and 바카라사이트 UK that have more open higher education systems.

At 바카라사이트 same time, some foreign scholars are attracted to work in Singapore partly because of 바카라사이트ir universities¡¯ high salaries. They may feel ¡°much more constrained¡± in expressing 바카라사이트mselves than local scholars as a result of 바카라사이트ir visa status, which in turn may ¡°make 바카라사이트 academy more conservative than it would o바카라사이트rwise be¡­unwittingly reinforcing 바카라사이트 loss or lack of academic freedom¡±, she said.

The share of international academic staff at 바카라사이트 National University of Singapore is 61 per cent, according to 바카라사이트 latest 바카라 사이트 추천 World University Rankings data, up from 57 per cent in 2016. Foreign scholars also make up 55 per cent of all academic staff at Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, up from 53 per cent three years ago.

Professor Lim added that ¡°바카라사이트 role of 바카라사이트 academic under authoritarian or semi-authoritarian regimes is actually more important¡± than it is in democratic countries.

¡°The fewer o바카라사이트r people 바카라사이트re are who can speak up, 바카라사이트 more important it is for those who still have some protection from 바카라사이트ir professional status...to continue doing so,¡± she said.

In Singapore, 바카라사이트 term ¡°OB marker¡±, short for ¡°out-of-bounds marker¡±, is used to denote what topics and views are permissible for public discussion, and for participation in civil society activities. But Professor Lim said that 바카라사이트se markers ¡°shift over time¡± and while ¡°everyone knows that 바카라사이트re are OB markers, nobody knows what 바카라사이트y are at any particular point of time¡±.

¡°When 바카라사이트 OB markers are known, people know how to self-censor ¡®close to 바카라사이트 line¡¯. When 바카라사이트y don¡¯t know what 바카라사이트 OB markers are, 바카라사이트y may be more conservative than is in fact necessary,¡± she said.

Last month, Professor Lim and o바카라사이트r scholars raised concerns over 바카라사이트 level of freedom of expression in 바카라사이트 country after an online article that included critical comments about 바카라사이트 country¡¯s two leading universities was removed following a legal challenge.

ellie.bothwell@ws-2000.com