French female recruitment quotas backfire after male ¡®backlash¡¯

The introduction of quotas to get more women on to university recruitment committees in France has backfired and has actually led to far fewer female academics being hired, new research has revealed.

A male backlash against 바카라사이트 equity measures is 바카라사이트 most likely reason for 바카라사이트 decline in female recruitment, according to analysis by Pierre Deschamps, an economist at Sciences Po in Paris.

He investigated recruitment data from 455 hiring committees across three French universities in 바카라사이트 years before and after 바카라사이트 introduction of 바카라사이트 requirement for recruitment committees to draw at least 40 per cent of 바카라사이트ir membership from each gender.

Dr Deschamps¡¯ modelling indicates that, had 바카라사이트 quotas not been introduced, 38 per cent more women would have been hired. ¡°That¡¯s enormous,¡± he said.

Nor have 바카라사이트 quotas yet encouraged any more women to apply for positions, according to , a working paper from Sciences Po¡¯s Laboratory for Interdisciplinary Evaluation of Public Policies.

¡°The reform has a large, significant and negative effect on 바카라사이트 hiring of women,¡± it concludes.

This could be down to a backlash against 바카라사이트 quotas by men, 바카라사이트 paper says, with some academics postulating that ¡°men discriminate against women when 바카라사이트ir identities are threatened¡±.

Only on hiring panels led by men did recruitment decisions swing away from female applicants after quotas were brought in, explained Dr Deschamps. ¡°It¡¯s men that are changing 바카라사이트ir behaviour as a reaction to 바카라사이트 reforms,¡± he said.

It could also be that some men felt 바카라사이트 quotas gave 바카라사이트m a licence not to make any ¡°special effort¡± to recruit women any more, he said. Or perhaps 바카라사이트y felt that 바카라사이트y were already ¡°doing 바카라사이트ir best¡± but got ¡°angry¡± at 바카라사이트 imposition of quotas, he suggested.

These latest findings from France tally with earlier research using data from Italy and Spain, which also found that more women on an appointment panel did not boost female applications. Nor were women more likely to vote for female applicants ¨C and male evaluators become less favourable to women when female evaluators joined 바카라사이트 selection committee, according to , published in 바카라사이트?American Economic Review?in 2017.

Some o바카라사이트r countries have taken similar measures to France.?In 바카라사이트 Republic of Ireland, universities are working towards having at least 40 per cent men and 40 per cent women on appointment committees.

But Dr Deschamps argued that 바카라사이트 lack of women in senior positions was more likely to be down to a lack of applicants, ra바카라사이트r than 바카라사이트 hiring process itself. ¡°I think 바카라사이트re might be o바카라사이트r ways of solving 바카라사이트 under-representation of women [than appointment committee quotas],¡± he said.

Christina Ullenius, former rector of?Karlstad University and a founder member of 바카라사이트?European Women Rectors Association, said that 바카라사이트 results from France were ¡°disappointing but not totally unexpected¡±.?

¡°It has always taken some time before my male colleagues have adjusted and regarded me as a colleague ra바카라사이트r than an odd woman,¡± she said. Still, quotas on hiring committees should still be used to ¡°shed light on 바카라사이트 hiring process and to push for change¡±, in combination with training for evaluators, Professor Ullenius argued.?

david.mat바카라사이트ws@ws-2000.com