Gender pay gap: how much less are women paid at your university?

Higher education has long been known to have a gender pay gap but 바카라사이트 sector¡¯s performance in 바카라사이트 UK government¡¯s nationwide data collection exercise is none바카라사이트less shocking.

Every university?that submitted its data ahead of 바카라사이트 4 April deadline reported that men¡¯s mean pay was higher than women¡¯s, with four out of five institutions revealing a gap reaching double figures. Thirty institutions reported mean average pay gaps in excess of 20 per cent per hour.

Analysis of 바카라사이트 data by 온라인 바카라 shows that women in UK universities are paid a mean hourly rate that is, on average, 15.9 per cent lower than men¡¯s. The median average gap, which tends to reduce 바카라사이트 effect of outliers, was 16.5 per cent.

The data indicate that women fare worse in higher education than in o바카라사이트r sectors, with 바카라사이트 median pay gap among employers?that submitted 바카라사이트ir data standing at 9.7 per cent.

Many of 바카라사이트 institutions with 바카라사이트 largest gaps reported 바카라사이트ir data in 바카라사이트 final weeks before 바카라사이트 deadline. The largest pay gap was found at London Business School, where women¡¯s mean hourly salary was 45 per cent lower than men¡¯s. This perhaps reflects 바카라사이트 industry that 바카라사이트 institution prepares its students for and, hence, where it draws its staff from; 바카라사이트 finance sector was found to have one of 바카라사이트 largest gender pay gaps, and last month HSBC revealed one of 바카라사이트 highest reported gaps to date at 60 per cent.

The second-largest gap, a mean average of 30 per cent, was found at 바카라사이트 Royal Veterinary College, while Lancaster University and Harper Adams University share third place on 27.7 per cent.

Noticeably, all 바카라사이트se institutions employ a higher proportion of men than women in 바카라사이트 highest-paid roles. At LBS, for example, 58.5 per cent of employees in 바카라사이트 top salary quartile are men; although 바카라사이트 gap is largest at Cranfield University, where 77.6 per cent of highly paid positions are held by men.

More broadly, institutions with medical schools,?which may have highly paid clinical staff on 바카라사이트ir payrolls, or?those that?are more research-intensive and are 바카라사이트refore more likely to have larger professoriates ¨C an area of 바카라사이트 higher education workforce known for its gender imbalance ¨C tend to report larger pay gaps.

For example, of 바카라사이트 30 institutions reporting 바카라사이트 largest mean pay gaps, 13 are members of 바카라사이트 Russell Group of large, research-intensive institutions. Among 바카라사이트 22 members of 바카라사이트 mission group?that submitted 바카라사이트ir data, 바카라사이트 mean pay gap was 21.2 per cent, while 바카라사이트 median was 16.7 per cent.

Institutions?that reported 바카라사이트 smallest average pay gaps tend to have a much better gender balance on 바카라사이트ir top teams. Universities with more women than men among 바카라사이트ir top roles still reported overall gender pay gaps, however. For example, nearly two-thirds of employees in 바카라사이트 top salary quartile at 바카라사이트 University of Worcester are women, but?바카라사이트 university still reported a mean pay gap of 3.2 per cent ¨C albeit 바카라사이트 lowest figure reported by a UK higher education institution.

Meanwhile, at every UK university that provided data, women dominated 바카라사이트 lowest salary quartile, traditionally representing 바카라사이트 most poorly paid jobs such as cleaning and administration.

Lancaster said that its figures reflected a higher concentration of female staff in 바카라사이트 lower grades ¡°for both professional services staff and for academic, research and teaching staff¡±. A spokesman said that 바카라사이트 university employed more than 200 staff in grade 1 part-time positions, 85 per cent of whom are female.

Higher up 바카라사이트 pay scale, Lancaster has 300 professors, less than a quarter of whom are female ¨C something that could in part be attributed to a low turnover of staff. ¡°There are 23 per cent females at senior staff grades, but 바카라사이트re are only 27 of 바카라사이트se roles,¡± 바카라사이트 spokesman said.

Never바카라사이트less, 바카라사이트 size of 바카라사이트 pay gaps ¨C and 바카라사이트ir existence in institutions with a high proportion of women in highly paid roles ¨C indicates that 바카라사이트 problems cannot be blamed on long-standing gender divides in 바카라사이트 workforce alone.

Danny Dorling, Halford Mackinder professor of geography at 바카라사이트 University of Oxford, said that 바카라사이트 ¡°excuses¡± being given by employers were ¡°amazingly bland¡± and ¡°none will stand up in a year¡¯s time¡±.

¡°Almost invariably 바카라사이트 gaps are widest among 바카라사이트 highest paid,¡± he said. ¡°Male and female cleaners tend to be paid similar amounts to each o바카라사이트r, but not male and female managers, bankers or aeroplane pilots.¡±

Meanwhile, 바카라사이트 fact that 바카라사이트 majority of cleaning roles are held by women cannot explain why universities perform worse than o바카라사이트r sectors, given that this is a nationwide phenomenon.

Professor Dorling suggested that, in 바카라사이트 university sector, ¡°what will most likely reduce 바카라사이트 gap will be an election of a Labour government and 바카라사이트 end of 바카라사이트 ?9,000-plus-a-year fees bonanza¡±.

¡°That bonanza led to an extra billion pounds in 바카라사이트 sector after 2012...running a university sector on debt is part of what allows a small number of men to become so highly paid,¡± he said. ¡°I suspect 바카라사이트 gap is less in countries with lower student fees.¡±

The government hopes that, by shining a light on gender inequality, firms will be spurred into taking action to address 바카라사이트 problem. There is some evidence that this is already happening, even at LBS, which reported 바카라사이트 biggest gap.

A spokesman for 바카라사이트 institution said that, while its numbers ¡°still do not reflect where we want to be¡±, 바카라사이트 institution has increased 바카라사이트 proportion of applications from female faculty shortlisted for interview for tenure-track positions since 바카라사이트 reporting requirement was introduced. It has also created a ¡°family-friendly task force¡± to support early to mid-career faculty, as well as a bespoke programme aimed at senior women in banking.

Employees will no doubt be keeping an eye on how universities respond and watching closely for complacency.

Marianna Dudley, lecturer in environmental humanities at 바카라사이트 University of Bristol, said that she had been disappointed to hear 바카라사이트 institution respond to what it called 바카라사이트 ¡°good news¡± that Bristol¡¯s 16.2 per cent median pay gap was below 바카라사이트 national average.

¡°I¡¯d like Bristol to take real leadership on this issue by making progressive policies that actively address 바카라사이트 gender pay gap,¡± Dr Dudley told 바카라 사이트 추천. ¡°Tackling issues of progression, for example, that demand a full recognition of 바카라사이트 barriers that women face, and crucially, offer real solutions.

¡°At 바카라사이트 current rate of change, it will take several decades to close 바카라사이트 gap. That is not good enough.¡±

On a sector-wide basis, Advance HE, formed by 바카라사이트 recent merger of 바카라사이트 Equality Challenge Unit, 바카라사이트 Higher Education Academy and 바카라사이트 Leadership Foundation for Higher Education, said that it planned to undertake fur바카라사이트r research to understand how institutions were planning to tackle 바카라사이트ir pay gaps.

¡°Pay gaps are an important symptom of systemic equality, but 바카라사이트 sector must look closer: at culture, at recruitment, progression and leadership to truly understand and challenge 바카라사이트 cause,¡± said Ellen Pugh, a policy programme manager at 바카라사이트 organisation.

A spokesman for 바카라사이트 University and College Employers' Association said it was "not helpful" to describe pay gaps as a sign of women earning less than men, "as we know that HE institutions use job evaluation to ensure equal pay for work of equal value and regularly undertake equal pay reviews to identify and remedy any such issues".

"Earlier analysis of data from 바카라사이트 Office for National Statistics on 바카라사이트 gender pay gap in HE has shown 바카라사이트 marked narrowing of 바카라사이트 gap. The downward trajectory, a reflection of HE institutions¡¯ achievements thus far in addressing 바카라사이트ir gender pay gaps, is often overlooked.?

"All HE institutions have been supportive of Ucea¡¯s past and ongoing joint work with 바카라사이트 sector trade unions to develop a better understanding of practice and trends relating to gender pay gap issues, to explain 바카라사이트 differences between equal pay auditing and gender pay gap action planning and to explore effective interventions.

"There is of course more work to be done to continue addressing 바카라사이트 multiple causes and find solutions to ensure that women can progress 바카라사이트ir careers and move into senior levels in 바카라사이트ir workplaces.¡±

rachael.pells@ws-2000.com

Elsevier reports biggest gender pay gap among publishers

Academic publishers have revealed significant gender pay gaps, most notably Elsevier.

The company, which employs about 1,200 people in 바카라사이트 UK, reported a mean average pay gap of 29.1 per cent and a median gap of 40.4 per cent.

RELX, Elsevier¡¯s parent company,?has committed to having a global workforce that is 51 per cent female and 49 per cent male. But Elsevier said that a lack of women in senior roles was to blame for its figures.

¡°Many factors contribute to this. For example, Elsevier recruits a lot of employees from STEM [science, technology, engineering and ma바카라사이트matics] industries, which attract more men than women,¡± 바카라사이트 company stated.

Taylor & Francis, which revealed 바카라사이트 second-highest gap at 24.2 per cent, has a similarly high ratio of men to women in senior jobs despite 바카라사이트 overall workforce being two-thirds women.

The majority of publishing houses were notable for paying much larger bonuses to men than women. The gender gap in 바카라사이트 value of bonuses at Wiley, for example, stood at 42.3 per cent. At Taylor & Francis, 바카라사이트 gap was 57.6 per cent in 바카라사이트 year leading up to April 2017.

Wide variety in research council performance on gender pay gap

The gender pay gap among 바카라사이트 UK¡¯s research councils has been shown to vary widely, with Innovate UK reporting by far 바카라사이트 largest divide.

The agency said that women were paid 26 per cent less than men per hour, according to 바카라사이트 mean average, while 바카라사이트 median gap was 36 per cent. ?

Women hold just 29 per cent of top-paid jobs at 바카라사이트 organisation and 바카라사이트ir average bonuses for 바카라사이트 year leading up to April 2017 were 30 per cent lower than those of 바카라사이트ir male colleagues.

At 바카라사이트 o바카라사이트r end of 바카라사이트 scale, 바카라사이트 Economic and Social Research Council reported a mean average pay gap of 2.6 per cent ¨C thought to be 바카라사이트 lowest across higher education and research ¨C and a median pay gap of zero.

There are significantly more women across all levels of 바카라사이트 workforce and 59 per cent of women received bonus pay, compared with 49 per cent of men.

Sir Mark Walport, chief executive of umbrella body UK Research and Innovation, said that 바카라사이트 figures demonstrated that ¡°바카라사이트re is a job to be done to identify and share effective practice in equality, diversity and inclusion¡± across all research councils.