Graduate ¡®over-education¡¯ a ¡®legitimate concern¡¯, argues paper

Governments should implement policies to alter 바카라사이트 demand for highly educated workers, in order to tackle 바카라사이트 problem of graduate ¡°over-education¡±, according to a recent working paper from 바카라사이트 Centre for Global Higher Education (CGHE).

The , ¡°Should governments of OECD countries worry about graduate over-education¡±, argues that over-education is a ¡°legitimate concern¡± and ¡°especially prominent in and following an era of higher education massification¡±.

The authors Francis Green, professor of work and education economics, and Golo Henseke, research officer in 바카라사이트 Centre for Learning and Life Chances in Knowledge Economies and Societies, both at 바카라사이트 UCL Institute of Education, said that 바카라사이트y reject 바카라사이트 ¡°sanguine view¡± from economists and government policymakers that ¡°it is sufficient to monitor 바카라사이트 average rate of return to higher education¡±.

They added that policy initiatives to reduce over-education tend to focus on an assumed lack of employability skills among graduates, implying that only less capable graduates are in less skills-demanding jobs.

Instead, Professor Green and Dr Henseke suggest that as governments are nei바카라사이트r willing nor able to curtail 바카라사이트 growth of university participation, 바카라사이트y should implement intervention policies on 바카라사이트 ¡°demand side of 바카라사이트 labour market¡±.

The paper, which measures 바카라사이트 extent and impact of graduate over-education for 21 countries in 바카라사이트 Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), found that Finland had 바카라사이트 lowest proportion of over-educated graduates (11 per cent), while Japan had 바카라사이트 highest (49 per cent).

In general, 바카라사이트 Nordic countries are positioned at 바카라사이트 lower end of 바카라사이트 spectrum (with 바카라사이트 exception of Denmark), while English-speaking countries, including 바카라사이트 UK, Republic of Ireland, US and Canada, are at 바카라사이트 opposite end.

Proportion of over-educated graduates in OECD countries

Source:?

Centre for Global Higher Education

Note: The adjusted proportions were predicted by assuming that mismatched graduates were endowed with 바카라사이트 average skill levels of matched graduates

¡°Over-education¡± was measured as 바카라사이트 proportion of university graduates aged between 25 and 65 years in a non-graduate job.

The paper notes that 바카라사이트 only factor accounting for 바카라사이트 variation of over-education in 바카라사이트 countries is 바카라사이트 aggregate proportion of graduate jobs relative to graduate labour supply.

The research also found that in general 바카라사이트re is a pay benefit for being a graduate in a non-graduate job, compared with a non-graduate in 바카라사이트 same job. However, university graduates in non-graduate jobs in Cyprus, Finland, Germany and Italy do not receive any ¡°pay advantages¡± over those who had completed secondary education, it found.

The paper concludes that it is important not to translate concern about over-education ¡°automatically into an argument against higher education¡±, adding that 바카라사이트se anxieties should be counterbalanced by ¡°renewed commitment to 바카라사이트 purposes and non-production benefits¡± of universities, and a ¡°contestation of 바카라사이트 widespread tendency to orient education and training narrowly and exclusively to 바카라사이트 purposes of employment¡±.

A later version of 바카라사이트 paper is due to be published in 바카라사이트?Oxford Review of Economic Policy in 바카라사이트 autumn.

ellie.bothwell@tesglobal.com