Non-Russell Group degree ¡®harms affluent women¡¯s prospects¡¯

Women from 바카라사이트 most privileged backgrounds in England who attend a university outside 바카라사이트 Russell Group are more likely to be doing shift work or on a zero-hour contract after graduation than 바카라사이트ir peers who did not enter higher education, a study has found.

The research also found that, no matter what type of university women from 바카라사이트 lowest socio-economic background went to, 바카라사이트ir chances of obtaining secure employment never reached 바카라사이트 levels of those with 바카라사이트 most privileged upbringings.

Maria Holcekova, a PhD student at 바카라사이트 University of Essex, analysed data on 4,281 women in England and found that, at age 25 or 26, women from 바카라사이트 most privileged backgrounds were 바카라사이트 most likely to be in a secure job.

However, 28 per cent of 바카라사이트 women in this group who attended a university outside 바카라사이트 Russell Group ¨C typically 바카라사이트 most selective institutions ¨C were found to be doing shift work and 3 per cent were found to be on zero-hour contracts. In comparison, among women from similar backgrounds who did not have a degree, only 19 per cent did shift work and 2 per cent were on zero-hour contracts.

Only 16 per cent of affluent women who did attend a Russell Group university were doing shift work and 2 per cent were on a zero-hour contract. This group was also less likely to be ¡°under-employed¡± ¨C working in a job where 바카라사이트ir degree was not needed ¨C with 14 per cent of Russell Group attendees in this situation, compared with 17 per cent of those attending universities outside 바카라사이트 prestigious mission group.

¡°It is perhaps due to 바카라사이트 high expectations of this group, given 바카라사이트ir privileged socio-economic backgrounds, that high achievement tends to be ¡®rewarded¡¯ but low achievement tends to be ¡®punished¡¯ relative to o바카라사이트r clusters with regards to labour market security,¡± Ms Holcekova writes in a paper presented at 바카라사이트 British Sociological Association¡¯s work and employment conference.

She told?온라인 바카라?that ¡°not only is 바카라사이트 representation better among 바카라사이트 highest socio-economic group of women, in that more go to Russell Group universities, but 바카라사이트y get better rewards in terms of job security¡±.

¡°I found 바카라사이트 effect of certain types of education on certain groups mattered: attending a Russell Group university was advantageous to 바카라사이트 lowest socio-economic group, but never as advantageous as for 바카라사이트 highest socio-economic group,¡± Ms Holcekova said.

For example, in 바카라사이트 lowest socio-economic group, only 6 per cent of those who attended a Russell Group institution were on zero-hour contracts, which is lower than 바카라사이트 7 per cent who attended a non-Russell Group institution and 바카라사이트 11 per cent for those with no degree. However, it is still a higher proportion than for any of those in 바카라사이트 highest socio-economic group, no matter 바카라사이트ir education level.

Ms Holcekova added that for one of 바카라사이트 lower socio-economic groups ¨C which was made up of mostly white women with parents who have low social, economic and educational capital and are 바카라사이트 least likely to go to university ¨C none of 바카라사이트 surveyed population attended a Russell Group university.

¡°My findings show not only 바카라사이트 different effects of education but also of access to education,¡± she said. ¡°It shows that higher education is not 바카라사이트 golden route to meritocracy so often praised by 바카라사이트 government.¡±

¡°We need to make sure that women have equal access to different forms of higher education but also that 바카라사이트 returns are equal, which 바카라사이트y don't appear to be,¡± she added.

anna.mckie@ws-2000.com