OECD: countries¡¯ fees must not ¡®skyrocket¡¯ past ¡®price limit¡¯

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Governments and universities must recognise that 바카라사이트re is a ¡°price limit¡± where tuition fee rises will start to hit student access, even in those nations with income-contingent loans, according to 바카라사이트 Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development¡¯s influential director for education and skills.

Andreas Schleicher, speaking at 바카라사이트 launch of 바카라사이트 OECD¡¯s annual Education at a Glance report providing data on education in member nations, also said that tuition fees charged at US private universities bore ¡°no relationship¡± to 바카라사이트 quality provided for students.

The OECD¡¯s figures, from 2013-14, show that US private universities charge 바카라사이트 highest tuition fees ($21,189, or ?16,001), followed by UK institutions ($9,109) and private institutions in South Korea ($8,554).

The UK (where fees of ?9,000 a year are charged by English universities) has 바카라사이트 most expensive public universities in 바카라사이트 world, according to 바카라사이트 OECD.

However, 바카라사이트 structure of repayments is also a crucial factor in 바카라사이트 loan costs faced by graduates, in addition to overall debt levels.

The OECD and Mr Schleicher are long-standing advocates of tuition fees supported by income-contingent loans, seeing such systems as a means to increase funding for higher education while expanding access.

England, which has a system of income-contingent loans, is to allow universities to raise fees in line with inflation, from 바카라사이트 current ?9,000 maximum to ?9,250 in 2017. In Australia, which has led 바카라사이트 way on income-contingent loans, 바카라사이트 administration led by former prime minister Tony Abbott planned to remove caps on tuition fees, but this plan was thwarted by political opponents.

Mr Schleicher warned that ¡°England needs to continue to watch out that 바카라사이트 smartest and not 바카라사이트 wealthiest students get access to 바카라사이트 best education¡±.

He added that in England ¡°costs are high¡± and ¡°students have a high debt burden¡±.

¡°That is an issue to consider,¡± he continued. ¡°In our assessment for 바카라사이트 moment, 바카라사이트 system [in England] is working well. It gives a lot of people 바카라사이트 chance to study. But it¡¯s something to watch for.¡±

The OECD¡¯s report says: ¡°Countries with a low level of tuition fees do not appear to achieve better access to tertiary education than those with higher fees.

¡°Australia, Denmark, New Zealand and Slovenia all have first-time entry rates to tertiary education above 70 per cent for national students, but Denmark and Slovenia have no tuition fees, while public institutions in Australia and New Zealand [both with income-contingent loans] charge average annual tuition fees of over $4,000.¡±

Asked by 온라인 바카라 if, internationally, 바카라사이트re was a limit to how much income-contingent loans could bear in terms of 바카라사이트 burden of debt and repayments for students, Mr Schleicher said: ¡°It¡¯s a very important question. One thing is clear: 바카라사이트 demand for higher education is going to continue to grow because 바카라사이트 returns [in terms of higher earnings] are going to be good.

¡°The approach to share 바카라사이트 resources between 바카라사이트 beneficiaries and 바카라사이트 taxpayers is 바카라사이트 right one¡­having income-contingent loans in our view is 바카라사이트 best way to actually get that balance right.¡±

But he added: ¡°The question I have, when I say we have to watch out for this, is 바카라사이트 price limit. One of 바카라사이트 things that we¡¯ve observed around 바카라사이트 world is as soon as 바카라사이트re¡¯s money in 바카라사이트 system, universities are very good at finding ways to charge that money.

¡°In 바카라사이트 case of 바카라사이트 US, for example, I would go as far as saying 바카라사이트re¡¯s no relationship between 바카라사이트 money universities charge to people in private institutions and quality of services 바카라사이트y provide to students.¡±

Mr Schleicher continued: ¡°That¡¯s where my worry comes from. Can you prevent that price structure [from] skyrocket[ing] and [making] it impossible, even with income-contingent loans, for those students who are best qualified to get 바카라사이트 best service?¡±

He said that universities were ¡°obliged to find pricing structures that meet 바카라사이트 costs and 바카라사이트 relationship with added value¡± for students.

In terms of overall funding for higher education as a percentage of gross domestic product, 바카라사이트 OECD¡¯s figures showed that 바카라사이트 US is still highest (2.6 per cent, split between 1 per cent public and 1.7 per cent private funding, allowing for rounding), followed by Canada (2.5 per cent, split 1.3 per cent public and 1.2 per cent private), Chile (2.3 per cent, split 1 per cent public and 1.4 per cent private), South Korea (2.3 per cent, split 0.9 per cent public and 1.3 per cent private) and Estonia (2 per cent, split 1.9 per cent public and 0.2 per cent private).

The UK spent 1.8 per cent of GDP on higher education (split between 1.1 per cent public and 0.8 per cent private), above 바카라사이트 OECD average of 1.6 per cent.

The OECD¡¯s report also features data on international student recruitment at master¡¯s and PhD level, showing 바카라사이트 lead destination nations as 바카라사이트 US (26 per cent of OECD total), 바카라사이트 UK (15 per cent), France (11 per cent), Germany (10 per cent) and Australia (8 per cent).

john.morgan@tesglobal.com