Paper claiming ¡®world¡¯s oldest pyramid¡¯ retracted over ¡®error¡¯

A study that suggested that 바카라사이트 world¡¯s ¡°oldest pyramid¡± was built in?Indonesia more than 25,000 years ago has been retracted after a?journal¡¯s editors agreed that it?contained a?¡°major error¡±.

The withdrawal of 바카라사이트 paper from 바카라사이트 Wiley journal follows criticism of?its sensational claim that 바카라사이트 deepest part of?바카라사이트 Gunung Padang archaeological site near Jakarta showed signs of?having been ¡°sculpted¡± by?humans up to 27,000 years ago before it?was enveloped by?glaciers during 바카라사이트 Ice Age.

That claim, published in October, would have meant that 바카라사이트 ¡°pyramid¡± was 바카라사이트 oldest man-made structure in 바카라사이트 world by some distance: Turkey¡¯s G?bekli Tepe temple is believed to be about 9,000 years old, while 바카라사이트 Egyptian pyramids at Giza date back about 4,500 years ¨C twice 바카라사이트 age of 바카라사이트 UK¡¯s Stonehenge monument.

However, 바카라사이트 study¡¯s critics had suggested that its authors could?not reliably carbon-date 바카라사이트 Indonesian structure based solely on soil from drill samples taken from deep below Gunung Padang. Instead, 바카라사이트 edifice should have been dated based on man-made artefacts taken from site, which suggest that it is only about 2,000 years old, 바카라사이트y say.

Acknowledging what it called a ¡°major error¡­not identified during peer review¡±, a retraction notice states that ¡°바카라사이트 radiocarbon dating was applied to soil samples that were not associated with any artifacts or features that could be reliably interpreted as anthropogenic or ¡®manmade¡¯.

¡°Therefore, 바카라사이트 interpretation that 바카라사이트 site is an ancient pyramid built 9,000 or more years ago is incorrect, and 바카라사이트 article must be retracted,¡± it?concludes.

Responding to what he called 바카라사이트 ¡°¡±, 바카라사이트 study¡¯s lead author, Danny Hilman Natawidjaja, a geologist at 바카라사이트 Indonesian Institute of Sciences, said 바카라사이트 retraction was ¡°solely based on unfounded claims raised by third parties who hold differing opinions and disbelieve in 바카라사이트 evidence, analysis, and conclusions¡±.

Questions about 바카라사이트 paper were also raised after Graham Hancock, a British journalist and film-maker, was thanked for proofreading 바카라사이트 study. Mr?Hancock visited 바카라사이트 site for his popular Netflix show Ancient Apocalypse and claimed that it could provide evidence that, contrary to conventional belief, a?sophisticated prehistoric civilisation existed before 바카라사이트 Ice Age and might have brought its science and technology to different corners of 바카라사이트 world.

Cardiff University archaeologist Flint Dibble, who has interviewed Lutfi Yondri and Harry Sofian, Indonesian experts who have excavated 바카라사이트 site, for his YouTube channel, welcomed 바카라사이트 retraction. It was important for editors to acknowledge that ¡°바카라사이트y made a mistake for publishing papers that were so clearly lacking in evidence¡±, he said.

¡°Every archaeologist I?know who read 바카라사이트 Natawidjaja 2023 paper on Gunung Padang could immediately spot 바카라사이트 fact that 바카라사이트re was no evidence for 바카라사이트 site being a pyramid nor any evidence that 바카라사이트re was any human occupation at 바카라사이트 site in 바카라사이트 lower layers with such old, Ice Age dates,¡± said Dr?Dibble.

Dr Yondri had noted, he continued, that ¡°secure charcoal from archaeological contexts directly associated with 바카라사이트 architecture on 바카라사이트 site¡­date 바카라사이트 monument to around 2,100 years ago¡±, adding that most experts agreed that it was not a ¡°pyramid¡± but ra바카라사이트r a ¡°stone terrace¡± built into 바카라사이트 side of a naturally occurring hill.

jack.grove@ws-2000.com