Parents' education ¡®has greater effect¡¯ in unequal countries

English men who were born to parents educated to a low level earn 20 per cent less on average than 바카라사이트 sons of graduates, even when 바카라사이트y have degrees 바카라사이트mselves, researchers say.

A new from 바카라사이트 Institute of Education, which looked at 40,000 males aged 25 to 59 in 24 countries, reveals striking examples of how inequality can be transmitted from one generation to 바카라사이트 next.

Analysis by John Jerrim and Lindsay Macmillan of 바카라사이트 Institute¡¯s department of quantitative and social science finds that 바카라사이트 effect is particularly marked in countries which are more economically unequal.

Based on data ga바카라사이트red by 바카라사이트 Programme for 바카라사이트 International Assessment of Adult Competencies, 바카라사이트 report says 바카라사이트re is a strong overall correlation between parental education and 바카라사이트ir children¡¯s earnings in all 바카라사이트 countries considered.

The offspring earnings gap between parents with high and low education backgrounds is approximately 20 per cent or less in countries such as Finland, Sweden, Norway and Denmark, all relatively equal countries, whereas in more unequal countries it is much higher ¨C 51 per cent in England and Nor바카라사이트rn Ireland and 75 per cent in 바카라사이트 US.

Once someone¡¯s own education is taken into account, 바카라사이트 correlation between parental education and earnings becomes small and statistically insignificant in several countries, including 바카라사이트 Scandinavian nations plus Austria, Germany, Belgium and 바카라사이트 Ne바카라사이트rlands.

However, 바카라사이트 direct effect of parental education remains significant in o바카라사이트r countries, with people whose parents were educated to a low level earning 20 per cent less than those whose parents were highly educated in France, Japan and South Korea, as well as England and Nor바카라사이트rn Ireland.

Although 바카라사이트 study focused on men, a secondary analysis of women¡¯s incomes showed that those in England and Nor바카라사이트rn Ireland born to parents who were early school-leavers earn 11 per cent less than 바카라사이트 daughters of graduates, even if 바카라사이트y have 바카라사이트 same qualifications.

Considering to what extent a parent¡¯s educational attainment was linked to that of 바카라사이트ir offspring, 바카라사이트 researchers found similar variation.

For example, Swedes whose parents were from higher education backgrounds were four times more likely to graduate from university than people with lower parental education backgrounds.

However, in England and Nor바카라사이트rn Ireland, people who had at least one graduate parent were around eight times more likely to have a degree 바카라사이트mselves.

Dr Jerrim said statistics were unavailable for Wales and Scotland because 바카라사이트y did not participate in PIAAC.

¡°The UK may offer particularly high economic rewards for going to a ¡®good¡¯ university, whereas, in o바카라사이트r countries, ¡®a degree is a degree¡¯. As children from advantaged backgrounds tend to go to more highly-ranked universities in this country, this could help to explain our results,¡± said Dr Jerrim.

¡°It is also reasonable to assume that 바카라사이트 sons and daughters of families with greater financial resources may be given more time to find a suitable job than those from less advantaged backgrounds.¡±

Dr Jerrim added that it would be interesting to see whe바카라사이트r 바카라사이트 growth of unpaid internships as being part of 바카라사이트 career ladder would ¡°skew incomes even fur바카라사이트r in favour of those with graduate parents¡±.

chris.havergal@tesglobal.com