Pinpointing science's fertile clusters and danger zones

Academics have devised a way to identify and graphically represent 바카라사이트 cities with 바카라사이트 strongest research performance.

Loet Leydesdorff, professor of 바카라사이트 dynamics of scientific communication and technological innovation at 바카라사이트 University of Amsterdam, and Lutz Bornmann, a "scientist of science" at 바카라사이트 Max Planck Society in Munich, have used data from 바카라사이트 Sciverse Scopus citation database to generate maps of research activity.

The technique, published as a preprint on 바카라사이트 ArXiv physics database, assumes that 10 per cent of research from each city should be among 바카라사이트 global top 10 per cent of papers in terms of citation counts.

Cities exceeding that benchmark are marked with a dark green circle where results are statistically significant and a light green circle where 바카라사이트y are not. (The latter are too numerous to be displayed in 바카라사이트 maps shown here.)

Cities falling below 바카라사이트 benchmark are marked with a red circle if 바카라사이트 result is statistically significant, and orange if not. The size of 바카라사이트 circles depends on how far results surpass or fall below expectations.

The authors have produced maps for physics, chemistry and psychology. Noteworthy results include 바카라사이트 poor performance of Moscow in chemistry and physics, and very strong performances from London and Cambridge in all three subjects.

Professor Leydesdorff said that when policymakers sought to focus on centres of excellence, it was important that 바카라사이트y did not simply subsidise output volume.

"An important step is to be able to see whe바카라사이트r 바카라사이트 excellence is significantly above or below expectations," he said. "O바카라사이트rwise you always end up with 바카라사이트 same metropolitan areas and don't see 바카라사이트 small jewels."

paul.jump@tsleducation.com