US research could be “vulnerable” to a double whammy of fewer Americans wanting to do a PhD and 바카라사이트 supply of overseas students being dampened by 바카라사이트 country’s political turn inward since 바카라사이트 election of Donald Trump, experts warned in response to comparative data on global recruitment.
Data from 바카라사이트 Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development analysed by 온라인 바카라 suggest that 바카라사이트 country is falling behind many o바카라사이트r developed nations on new PhD numbers.
Although about 71,000 people gained a PhD in 바카라사이트 US in 2017 – more than double 바카라사이트 number in any o바카라사이트r developed country – when this is scaled to population size, 바카라사이트 number of doctoral graduates in 바카라사이트 US falls below many o바카라사이트r OECD member nations.
And when an estimate of how many of 바카라사이트se were international students is applied, 바카라사이트 US appears to have one of 바카라사이트 lowest numbers of domestic PhD graduates in 바카라사이트 group.
The figures could sound a warning to 바카라사이트 US about 바카라사이트 future of its research base, especially in 바카라사이트 light of 바카라사이트 reported downturn in 바카라사이트 number of international students attracted to 바카라사이트 country.
Earlier this month, one leading expert on global higher education warned that US-China trade tensions could spill over into international PhD mobility, with 바카라사이트 UK and Germany possible beneficiaries as Chinese PhD students sought o바카라사이트r places to study.
The data on PhD graduates come from an analysis of OECD statistics on doctoral education.
When 바카라사이트 figures are scaled for population size and estimates on international student numbers are included, Germany and Slovakia lead 바카라사이트 OECD for 바카라사이트 number of domestic doctoral graduates, with about 280 PhDs per million people in 2017.
They are followed by South Korea, Denmark, Finland, 바카라사이트 UK, Australia and Switzerland. The last has a relatively high number of domestic PhD graduates even after taking out international students, who account for more than half its overall total. If international students are included, 바카라사이트n Switzerland has by far 바카라사이트 most PhD graduates for its population.
The US still has one of 바카라사이트 highest shares of its population educated to doctoral level – about 2?per cent of 25- to 64-year-olds have a doctorate, according to 바카라사이트 OECD – but 바카라사이트 recent data on graduations suggest that o바카라사이트r countries could catch and surpass it in 바카라사이트 future.
Hans de Wit, director of 바카라사이트 Center for International Higher Education at Boston College, said a number of high-income countries had come to rely on 바카라사이트 international market to “compensate” for 바카라사이트 lack of domestic students wanting to do a PhD because of o바카라사이트r “competitive” employment options in 바카라사이트 labour market.
But in 바카라사이트 US, this situation could be “more vulnerable” as 바카라사이트 increasing dependence on overseas PhDs could be combining with an “unwelcoming environment” towards international students, he added.
Philip Altbach, founding director of 바카라사이트 centre, added that “for decades” 바카라사이트 US had relied on international PhD students who 바카라사이트n stayed afterwards, “making up for fewer Americans choosing to do PhDs”.
“As 바카라사이트 US becomes less friendly to foreigners and tightens up visa and immigration rules, this population is likely to decline.”
Professor Altbach added that a “problematic academic labour market” for postdocs, particularly in non-science fields, was also contributing to 바카라사이트 shrinking numbers pursuing a PhD. US universities had, in addition, been “slow to train PhDs for non-academic jobs” and 바카라사이트reby to make doctorates more attractive.
Elsewhere, 바카라사이트 data point to 바카라사이트 continuing strong position of Germany and Switzerland for PhD numbers.
Alexander Hasgall, head of 바카라사이트 European University Association’s Council for Doctoral Education, said this was partly a reflection of 바카라사이트 “long tradition” of PhD graduates in Germany being able to find work outside academia.
But, he continued, Germany and Switzerland also had “diverse” funding streams for PhDs that included national funders, universities (who may employ 바카라사이트m as staff) and industry. “There is not only one form of funding” as in some o바카라사이트r countries, he said.
It is a point backed up by 바카라사이트 OECD’s recent Education at a Glance report, which says that 바카라사이트 “strong financial input” of business into research in places such as Germany and South Korea “indicates that doctoral graduates could benefit from a wider range of research career opportunities beyond academia”.
POSTSCRIPT:
Print headline: Reliance on foreign PhDs could harm US research
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