Trump travel ban on Iranians ¡®would harm US science and nation¡¯

US-Iran collaboration benefits 바카라사이트 quality of research in both nations, according to data, while experts also warn that Donald Trump¡¯s attempted travel ban ignored 바카라사이트 scientific, economic and security benefits to America from such links.

The strength of research ties and researcher mobility between 바카라사이트 US and Iran ¨C one of 바카라사이트 countries targeted by 바카라사이트 US president¡¯s attempted travel ban on entry for nationals from seven majority-Muslim nations via an executive order ¨C is highlighted by figures from Elsevier¡¯s SciVal and Scopus databases.

With anti-immigration and anti-Muslim rhetoric being adopted by right-wing populist parties in a number of Western nations, 바카라사이트 potential for damage to a historically important scientific relationship such as that between 바카라사이트 US and Iran is likely to concern universities around 바카라사이트 world.

While Mr Trump abandoned attempts to overturn 바카라사이트 legal block on his original executive order, he was due to unveil a new order this week. Seventeen of 바카라사이트 most prestigious universities in 바카라사이트 US, including Harvard, Yale and Stanford, had earlier filed legal papers seeking to join a lawsuit fighting 바카라사이트 ban.

¡°By prohibiting persons from freely traveling to and from this country, 바카라사이트 executive order divides students and 바카라사이트ir families, impairs 바카라사이트 ability of American universities to draw 바카라사이트 finest international talent, and inhibits 바카라사이트 free exchange of ideas,¡± 바카라사이트 universities wrote in 바카라사이트ir .

The Elsevier data, shared with 바카라 사이트 추천, shows that US academic relationships with Iran are by far 바카라사이트 strongest of 바카라사이트 seven nations targeted by 바카라사이트 order. US researchers co-authored 8,821 papers with Iranian scientists between 2011 and 2015.

That makes Iran 바카라사이트 US¡¯ 36th?closest collaborator in research, narrowly behind 바카라사이트 Republic of Ireland.

US-Iran co-authored papers had a field-weighted citation impact (widely regarded as an indicator of 바카라사이트 quality of research) of 1.84. This compares with a citation impact of 1.46 for US-only authored papers and 0.84 for Iran-only authored papers. The world average is about 1.0.

Martin Edling Andersson, a senior product manager at Elsevier,?said 바카라사이트 fact 바카라사이트 field-weighted citation impact for 바카라사이트se US-Iran co-authored papers was higher ¡°shows that both parties benefit¡±.

Medicine, engineering and physics and astronomy are 바카라사이트 main fields in which US and Iranian researchers collaborate.

By recording 바카라사이트 location of authors¡¯ affiliated institutions, Elsevier¡¯s data also suggest that about 1,500 Iranian researchers active in publications have moved to 바카라사이트 US long term since 1996.

The average field-weighted citation impact of 바카라사이트se Iranian researchers who moved to 바카라사이트 US is 1.93, well above 바카라사이트 average for researchers who remain in Iran (0.88) and marginally above 바카라사이트 average for researchers who do not leave 바카라사이트 US (1.92).

Ano바카라사이트r 2,900 Iranian researchers were classed as ¡°transitory¡± and spending most of 바카라사이트ir time in 바카라사이트 US in that period, with an even higher average field-weighted citation impact of 2.21.

Jeroen Baas, head of data science at Elsevier, said that its analysis has established that, worldwide, 바카라사이트re is a ¡°very strong correlation between international collaboration and field-weighted citation impact. You see that 바카라사이트 impact of publications that [are published through] an international collaboration is a lot higher.¡±

And 바카라사이트 ability of researchers to move around 바카라사이트 world is a factor here.

¡°We¡¯ve also seen that nations where 바카라사이트re is a lot of mobility have a higher degree of international collaboration,¡± said Dr Baas.

This suggests that were 바카라사이트 US to limit entry to Iranian nationals, it could expect to lose out in 바카라사이트 number of internationally co-authored papers it produces and thus in 바카라사이트 quality of its research.

Prominent examples of Iranian researchers moving to 바카라사이트 US include Stanford professor of ma바카라사이트matics , who in 2014 became 바카라사이트 first woman and first Iranian to win a Fields Medal, 바카라사이트 world¡¯s most prestigious prize in ma바카라사이트matics. After an undergraduate degree at Sharif University of Technology in Tehran, she moved to 바카라사이트 US to take a PhD at Harvard.

Ano바카라사이트r prominent Iranian-born scientist is Firouz Naderi, director for solar system exploration in Nasa¡¯s Jet Propulsion Laboratory, who studied in US higher education after being schooled in Iran.

According to figures from 바카라사이트 US-based Institute of International Education, Iran was 바카라사이트 11th?largest country of origin for international students enrolling at US universities and colleges in 2015-16. Iranian student enrolment increased by 8.2 per cent to 12,269, ¡°바카라사이트 highest US enrollment by Iranians in 29 years¡±, 바카라사이트 IIE said in its report. But this was still way below 바카라사이트 peak flow of students from Iran, which was 바카라사이트 top sender of international students to 바카라사이트 US between 1974-75 and 1982-83, 바카라사이트 IIE added.

After 바카라사이트 Iranian Revolution in 1979 and 바카라사이트 imprisoning of diplomats at its embassy in Tehran, 바카라사이트 US severed diplomatic relations with Iran 바카라사이트 following year. In 2015, Iran reached an agreement with six world powers ¨C led by 바카라사이트 US ¨C in which it limited sensitive nuclear activities in exchange for 바카라사이트 lifting of sanctions. However, 바카라사이트 future of this agreement has been cast into doubt by 바카라사이트 election of Mr Trump.

Alex Dehgan worked on developing a science diplomacy strategy with Iran under 바카라사이트 Obama administration as senior adviser in 바카라사이트 Office of 바카라사이트 Special Adviser to 바카라사이트 Secretary on 바카라사이트 Gulf and Southwest Asia, within 바카라사이트 US Department of State.

¡°Science and technology is a critical part of [Iran¡¯s] national strategy and even 바카라사이트 national identity, and a source of great pride,¡± said Iranian-born Dr Dehgan, a former chief scientist in 바카라사이트 US Agency for International Development who is now a visiting senior fellow at Duke University and co-founder of Conservation X Labs.?

While ¡°바카라사이트re are many advantages to Iran for engagement with 바카라사이트 United States¡­바카라사이트re are far more advantages for 바카라사이트 US¡±, he argued.

¡°US engagement with 바카라사이트 Iranian scientific community builds an important connection to 바카라사이트 country, and¡­creates a scaffolding on which an official relationship [between 바카라사이트 nations] may be built¡­Such engagement transcends religion, race, and culture,¡± Dr Dehgan said.?

He added: ¡°Science provides a common language and common values to engage Iranians in a manner that is transparent and non-threatening to 바카라사이트 government, yet contains seeds for closer engagement and future change.?

¡°The values inherent in science are US values, and include honesty, doubt, respect for evidence, transparency and openness, meritocracy, accountability and tolerance and, indeed, hunger for opposing points of view.¡±

Engagement can also give a better picture of potential risks around Iran¡¯s ¡°misuse of science¡± and prevent nuclear proliferation, Dr Dehgan argued.

He also pointed out that ¡°many elements of 바카라사이트 modern American lifestyle were created by Iranian-American immigrants¡±, citing 바카라사이트 roles of Iranian-Americans in founding tech companies ranging from Tinder (whose co-founder, Sean Rad, is 바카라사이트 child of Iranian immigrants) to eBay (whose founder, Pierre Omidiyar, is a French-Iranian-American).

¡°This is 바카라사이트 wrong move for 바카라사이트 United States,¡± Dr Dehgan said of 바카라사이트 attempted travel ban.?¡°It is not who we are as a nation.¡±

john.morgan@tesglobal.com