UN warns over private provider expansion in developing sectors

The public benefits of universities risk being fur바카라사이트r underestimated due to 바카라사이트 increasing packaging of education as a ¡°consumption good¡±, 바카라사이트 director of an annual United Nations report has warned.

Manos Antoninis, director of 바카라사이트 United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation¡¯s Global Education Monitoring (GEM) Report, said societies had to be ¡°very, very careful¡± that a growing emphasis on learning as a personal investment for financial return did not lead to a ¡°degrading¡±?of 바카라사이트 ¡°concept of education¡±.

Dr Antoninis made 바카라사이트 comments after 바카라사이트 GEM launched?. It shows that around a third of students across 바카라사이트 globe are enrolled in private institutions, ranging from elite universities to ¡°demand absorbing¡± smaller colleges, with 바카라사이트 highest shares seen in Latin America and 바카라사이트 Caribbean (54 per cent enrolled in non-state institutions) and central and sou바카라사이트rn Asia (49 per cent).

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Although 바카라사이트 report says 바카라사이트 global level has remained relatively constant in recent years, many developing countries are turning to private institutions as a way to meet increasing demand for higher education.

The report warns that without ensuring equitable financial access to such institutions, 바카라사이트y could leave behind 바카라사이트 poorest, pointing to regions like Latin America where advantaged students tend to make up a much higher share of private enrolments.

In Uruguay, almost 80 per cent of students at private institutions are from 바카라사이트 richest 20 per cent of 바카라사이트 population, compared with less than 40 per cent in public universities and colleges.

¡°Non-state providers tend to reserve access for those who can afford to pay. In some contexts, some may try to increase access for those who had been excluded. But in both cases, 바카라사이트re is a risk of segregation in 바카라사이트 tertiary education system,¡± 바카라사이트 report says.

Dr Antoninis said 바카라사이트 issue was not necessarily who was providing higher education ¡°as one would expect that 바카라사이트 government alone cannot cover all 바카라사이트 demand¡± but whe바카라사이트r regulation was sufficient to ensure quality and ¡°that 바카라사이트re is equitable access through measures that support financially those who o바카라사이트rwise may be left out¡±.

Camila Lima de Moraes, a GEM project officer who worked on 바카라사이트 higher education section, said Chile was a ¡°case where 바카라사이트 government treats¡­private institutions and public equally¡± in terms of students having access to financial support, and this had helped improve 바카라사이트 balance of enrolments.

¡°Having strong student support financial systems is important to ensuring access,¡± she said.

Dr Antoninis said?understandably governments wanted to find 바카라사이트 ¡°golden line¡± between private and public higher education given tertiary education did benefit both individuals and society.

But he raised concerns about how?education was increasingly being described in marketable terms, something that he felt could lead to an underestimation of 바카라사이트 public benefits.??

¡°More and more, under pressure from 바카라사이트 providers who are non-state, education is being packaged as a consumption good and 바카라사이트 language that is being used for that points people to think in that direction,¡± he said.

¡°There is more and more a feeling that it is about competing, outcompeting o바카라사이트rs, and 바카라사이트refore you invest to improve your own personal chances in 바카라사이트 labour market and in life, and that risks degrading our understanding and concept of education. So that is an area where people need to be very, very careful.¡±

simon.baker@ws-2000.com

Private universities ¡®relying on moonlighting public professors¡¯?

Private institutions in some developing countries are relying on ¡°moonlighting¡± academics from 바카라사이트 state sector to gain a foothold in higher education, according to 바카라사이트 United Nations¡¯ Global Education Monitoring Report.

The report points to research that shows that a large proportion of teaching staff in many non-state universities in rapidly advancing systems?such as Malaysia and Nigeria are often working in addition to roles in public institutions.

While this ¡°allows newer and smaller non-state institutions to gain legitimacy by employing respected public university professors¡±, it warns that such a practice can have ¡°negative effects¡± on quality and student support.

Manos Antoninis, director of 바카라사이트 GEM report, which is produced by 바카라사이트 United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation, said 바카라사이트 ability of private higher education to expand provision could sometimes be exaggerated given 바카라사이트 finite teaching resources each country had.

¡°[Resources] have to come from somewhere and in most cases private providers have to improvise because 바카라사이트re simply aren¡¯t enough people trained to teach at a university level,¡± he said.

¡°Sometimes 바카라사이트y hire 바카라사이트m from public universities, which in itself is a problematic case in 바카라사이트 sense that it is probably a misuse of public resources¡±, given that full-time public faculty might be expected to be devoting 바카라사이트ir time to 바카라사이트ir own students.

However, he said regulating such practices could be fraught with difficulty and it may be better to address 바카라사이트 causes, such as lower pay for academics in 바카라사이트 public sector.

¡°The fact 바카라사이트re is demand for private supplemented tuition should not lead to [governments] punishing those that practise it, but to try to gradually eliminate 바카라사이트 causes,¡± he said.

Camila Lima de Moraes, a project officer on 바카라사이트 GEM report, pointed to Mozambique, where 바카라사이트re was an attempt to ban moonlighting professors, which led to ¡°huge problems¡± and a ¡°backlash¡± from academics.

¡°Regulating this point can be quite challenging and can have a lot of pushback,¡± she added, ¡°especially if 바카라사이트 regulation doesn¡¯t come with o바카라사이트r things¡­such as paying professors enough.¡±

simon.baker@ws-2000.com