Warning as Germany urged to revisit military research bar

German universities could face ¡°severe¡± conflicts among academics?and?students if 바카라사이트 country¡¯s stringent division between military and civilian research is eroded, it has been warned, as politicians and advisory bodies call for a reassessment, motivated in large part by Russia¡¯s ongoing war in Ukraine.

Scores of German universities have signed up to what is known as 바카라사이트 ¡°civil clause¡±, a commitment not to do research?that could be used for military purposes, and five of 바카라사이트 country¡¯s 16 states have embedded this principle in law.

But 바카라사이트?, which advises 바카라사이트 German government, calls for ¡°synergies between military and civilian research [to] be made possible¡±, stating that ¡°바카라사이트 strict separation that has been customary in Germany for decades needs to be fundamentally reconsidered and abolished where appropriate¡±, citing ¡°increasing global threats¡±.

The EFI named 바카라사이트 United States and Israel as examples of countries where ¡°spillovers and dual use are deliberately promoted as 바카라사이트y lead to increases in performance and efficiency in both 바카라사이트 military and civilian sectors¡±.

, research minister Bettina Stark-Watzinger pointed to 바카라사이트 recommendation regarding military and civilian research, stating: ¡°I would specifically like to have this discussion.¡±

Gerald Kirchner, head of 바카라사이트 University of Hamburg¡¯s Carl Friedrich von Weizs?cker Centre for Science and Peace Research, told?바카라 사이트 추천?that universities ¡°could run into severe inner conflicts and debates among professors and students¡± if 바카라사이트y were to conduct dual-use research. More than 70 universities adhere to 바카라사이트 civil clause, adopted after 바카라사이트 Second World War in order to reckon with 바카라사이트 role of German science?during 바카라사이트 Nazi regime.

The division between military and civilian research means German universities largely lack ¡°competence for military research¡±, Professor Kirchner added. ¡°They¡¯re not attractive for military-based research funding.¡±

Michal Kucera, vice-president for research and transfer at 바카라사이트 University of Bremen, said that, if 바카라사이트 division were to be dissolved, universities would?probably carry out ¡°research that is motivated by military needs or applications¡± but is not ¡°directly related to warfare¡±, such as work on secure communications or digital security.

¡°There is no research that you can name to me?that is not potentially dual use,¡± Professor Kucera said. ¡°Universities are already doing dual-use research.¡±

A similar debate is taking place at 바카라사이트 European level, Professor Kucera noted. In a?, 바카라사이트 European Commission set out a range of options for boosting ¡°research and development into technologies with dual-use potential¡±, suggesting that 바카라사이트 successor to Horizon Europe could?permit 바카라사이트 funding of dual-use research.

A spokesperson for 바카라사이트 German Rectors¡¯ Conference (HRK) told?온라인 바카라?that it was ¡°difficult to predict 바카라사이트 extent to which 바카라사이트 expected effects of a rapprochement between military and civilian research and development will actually materialise¡±, noting that 바카라사이트 difference between ¡°바카라사이트 civilian and military utilisation of research findings is generally not clear cut¡±.

¡°In 바카라사이트 interests of academic freedom, it will be important that possible changes, particularly in 바카라사이트 funding architecture, do not result in a kind of obligation for academic institutions to conduct military research,¡± 바카라사이트 spokesperson continued, stressing that greater investment in military research ¡°must not result in any impairment of civilian research or research that is still undefined in terms of purpose¡±.

emily.dixon@ws-2000.com