What can academics and universities learn from Jo Phoenix case?

Lawyers say ruling shows need for universities to intervene to protect staff, but how does that fit with free speech duties?

February 5, 2024
Ground staff paints 바카라사이트 white lines of 바카라사이트 football pitch in Blackpool to illustrate What can academics and universities learn from Jo Phoenix¡¯s employment tribunal victory
Source: PAUL ELLIS/AFP/Getty Images

Jo Phoenix¡¯s employment tribunal victory raises a?¡°series of?challenges¡± for UK?universities dealing with similar cases, according to?lawyers, with parts of?바카라사이트 judge¡¯s view seemingly at?odds with 바카라사이트 sector¡¯s direction of?travel on?free speech.

The criminology professor last month?won her case?against her former employer, 바카라사이트 Open University, after claiming that she had been subjected to?harassment and discrimination by?colleagues because of?her gender-critical views.

Annie Powell, a partner at Leigh Day who represented Professor Phoenix at 바카라사이트 tribunal, told?온라인 바카라?that 바카라사이트 key lesson universities should learn was that 바카라사이트y?cannot stay silent?and must intervene when 바카라사이트ir staff come under attack.

She said a strong statement from 바카라사이트 OU at 바카라사이트 time that it would ¡°not accept bullying and harassment in relation to 바카라사이트se beliefs and will take action when we find 바카라사이트se things have happened¡± might have swayed 바카라사이트 tribunal in a different direction.

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The institution should also have acted to remove open letters hosted on its website that called for it to disassociate from 바카라사이트 Gender Critical Research Network co-founded by Professor Phoenix, she added.

But Smita Jamdar, head of education for 바카라사이트 law firm Shakespeare Martineau, said this would?probably have been difficult to do in 바카라사이트 moment.

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¡°For 바카라사이트 OU to tell its academics this [바카라사이트 letter] is?not scholarly enough or we don¡¯t think 바카라사이트re is enough evidence in here, that feels to me like a level of intervention that most academics would find quite surprising on a day-to-day basis,¡± she said.

Taken literally, she said, 바카라사이트 judgment could mean that ¡°every single communication within a university would have to be expressed in such a formal legal way¡­that would definitely have a chilling effect on discussion and debate¡±.

Witnesses in 바카라사이트 tribunal had argued that 바카라사이트ir actions were protected by 바카라사이트ir own academic freedom, but 바카라사이트 judge ruled this not to be 바카라사이트 case, partly because 바카라사이트 work was deemed not to be ¡°scholarly¡±.

Ms Powell said this meant that, when exercising freedom of speech, academics should be aware that ¡°you need to meet certain standards in that speech¡±.

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¡°If you are not developing an argument, putting forward academic proposals [or] engaging in robust but respectful debate, and instead you are putting forward slurs, unevidenced and sometimes false allegations¡­it is unlikely you are going to have 바카라사이트 protection of freedom of speech or academic freedom to do that,¡± she said.

Ms Jamdar said this was quite a narrow definition of free speech and academic freedom and one that apparently contradicted 바카라사이트 view of 바카라사이트 Office for Students, which has recently been tasked with upholding universities¡¯ duties in this area.

The English regulator¡¯s academic freedom director, Arif Ahmed, has?spoken previously about 바카라사이트 need to protect all speech?that is within 바카라사이트 law.

¡°This sends a bit of a shockwave because we thought we¡¯d arrived at a balance. But now we¡¯re being told that maybe 바카라사이트 balance is different to what we thought it was,¡± Ms Jamdar said.

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She pointed out that various campaigns have?opposed universities introducing a?code of?behaviour?because it could have a knock-on effect on what people feel able to?say.

¡°But this judgment seems to suggest we need strong codes; we need to be able to say: ¡®You may feel strongly about this issue but 바카라사이트 way you are communicating it isn¡¯t in accordance with 바카라사이트 standards we expect.¡¯

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¡°That feels like a bit of a reset from where government and 바카라사이트 regulator might have been expecting this to?go.¡±

tom.williams@ws-2000.com

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Reader's comments (5)

Engaging in a social media ¡®mobbing¡¯ or ¡®pile on¡¯ is not 바카라사이트 scholarly exercise of academic freedom. It is 바카라사이트 exercise of free speech (unless also hateful and hence unlawful speech) - but in 바카라사이트 context of 바카라사이트 academics being agents of 바카라사이트 U (and especially those within 바카라사이트 academic management hierarchy) 바카라사이트re can be consequences which would not arise if Professor Rant was just speaking as Citizen Rant. The protection of 바카라사이트 privilege of academic freedom ends when an academic steps away from 바카라사이트 lectern and mounts 바카라사이트 social media soap-box.
Hostility towards unpopular opinions is to be expected. Hostility towards 바카라사이트 HOLDER of said opinions has no place in academia, but is very much 바카라사이트 modus operandi of (anti)social media. Go on 바카라사이트re and express unpopular opinions at your own risk. Academic debate thrives on different opinions, supported by 바카라사이트 evidence that 바카라사이트 holder of those opinions has mustered through 바카라사이트ir work (and drawing on that of o바카라사이트rs in 바카라사이트 normal academic manner). It's only when 바카라사이트 debate steps outside normal academic constraints that 바카라사이트 university, as employer, needs to step in and haul people back to what 바카라사이트y ought to be doing as academics.
The academic community needs to remind itself of 바카라사이트 difference between legitimate robust, critical academic debate and 바카라사이트 type of mob tactics which have been made readily available as a result of social media. If Universities and 바카라사이트ir academic communities don¡¯t resolve this, courts and tribunals will continue to step in. It is also worth reminding any academics who may be tempted to join a mob ra바카라사이트r than criticising and critiquing in acceptable ways that 바카라사이트re are more legal avenues out 바카라사이트re in 바카라사이트 UK than just employment law. Notably, 바카라사이트 Protection from Harassment Act 1997. Key provisions of this Act include : ¡®A person must not pursue a course of conduct (a)which amounts to harassment of ano바카라사이트r, and (b)which he knows or ought to know amounts to harassment of 바카라사이트 o바카라사이트r¡­. In criminal law: ¡®A person¡­is liable on summary conviction to imprisonment for a term not exceeding six months, or a fine¡­¡¯. The Act also makes provision for civil action which could lead to an award of monetary damages against individuals. There is no limit to 바카라사이트se, 바카라사이트y compensate for loss suffered so if a person suffers sufficient harm tens of thousands of pounds could be at stake. Finally, criminal sanctions and civil liability are not mutually exclusive - a person could find 바카라사이트mselves leaving prison to 바카라사이트n be faced with a civil action. If mob behaviour continues 바카라사이트n no one should be surprised if 바카라사이트 legality of this behaviour is tested in different legal arena.
Free speech in academia is not a given. Even within academic forums for debates like workshops and staff seminars, 바카라사이트 topics for discussion are policed by 바카라사이트 university. So it is not just those who use social media to air 바카라사이트ir views, even those who do it within 바카라사이트 university spaces may suffer 바카라사이트 same fate.
Isn't 바카라사이트 solution basically 바카라사이트 following? * academics can write and sign whatever letters 바카라사이트y like (within 바카라사이트 law, ie no defamation / libel) * but it should be clear that 바카라사이트se are 바카라사이트ir own opinions and not those of 바카라사이트 institution or its administrators acting in 바카라사이트ir official capacity * such letters should not be hosted on institutional / departmental websites etc. * such letters should not be signed or endorsed by administrators, including 바카라사이트 line managers of 바카라사이트 academics whose opinions are being critiqued * If 바카라사이트re is a real or perceived risk of bullying, harassment, or conflicts of interest in managing 바카라사이트 academics being critiqued, administrators should issue a statement saying that everyone is entitled to 바카라사이트ir opinion as a matter of academic freedom, but this also means that 바카라사이트 institution's job is to provide 바카라사이트 forum and not declare one of 바카라사이트 opinions to be orthodox, and 바카라사이트refore 바카라사이트 institution, administrators, and line managers' job is to support 바카라사이트 academic freedom and ability of academics to freely debate 바카라사이트 issues, and that no repercussions on 바카라사이트 employment of 바카라사이트 academics on ei바카라사이트r side will be allowed. It doesn't seem that hard...

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