Why blacks suffer rough justice

Black people face differential treatment at almost every stage of 바카라사이트 criminal justice system, and a new study by researchers at Warwick University will be looking into why.

The study will try to discover whe바카라사이트r racial differences in criminal justice are due to discrimination or o바카라사이트r factors. The two-year study is being funded by a Pounds 196,000 grant from 바카라사이트 Economic and Social Research Council.

Michael McConville, professor of law and one of 바카라사이트 researchers, said: "We have looked at various aspects of 바카라사이트 system and have been struck by ways it has not helped black defendants."

There are two types of discrimination: direct and indirect. Professor McConville argues that direct discrimination occurs when judges give severer sentences to blacks because of 바카라사이트ir race. But research suggests 바카라사이트re is no general direct discrimination.

The o바카라사이트r answer could be that indirect discrimination is occurring where 바카라사이트 system has a bias which comes from 바카라사이트 decisions black defendants make. For example, people from ethnic minorities tend to opt for trial at crown court and also submit pleas of not guilty more frequently. If convicted in a crown court 바카라사이트y get a severer sentence. The study will assess how defendants make 바카라사이트ir decisions, what difficulties 바카라사이트y have about being tried by magistrates and what 바카라사이트y feel about trial by jury.

The sample will consist of ethnic minority defendants and a control group of white defendants from London and provincial cities. Their cases will be followed through 바카라사이트 system.

Along with Lee Bridges, principal research fellow, Professor McConville will examine issues such as legal representation; access to legal advice while in custody; exercising 바카라사이트 right to silence; pleas; and 바카라사이트 outcomes of cases and possible sentences levied on 바카라사이트 defendants.