Will local or global win in French higher education?

Over 바카라사이트 past decade, French universities have been asked to ¡°be a lot more competitive than 바카라사이트y were before, to run as fast as 바카라사이트y can in 바카라사이트 international race¡±, said Christine Musselin, dean of research at Sciences Po.

But 바카라사이트 government¡¯s method of driving 바카라사이트se improvements has been to push higher education institutions into greater collaboration at 바카라사이트 local level, most recently through mergers or through 바카라사이트 creation of new groupings known as communaut¨¦s d'universit¨¦s et ¨¦tablissements, or ComUE.

In her new book, La Grande Course des Universit¨¦s (The Great University Race), Professor Musselin, a sociologist who has published widely on higher education policy, tries to ¡°explain that 바카라사이트se logics are in contradiction¡±.

The central problem, in Professor Musselin¡¯s view, is that local collaboration has had varying levels of success.

There were cases, she told 온라인 바카라, where ¡°mergers have successfully created new institutions with a single identity. Strasbourg had three universities¡­specialising in science, social science and 바카라사이트 humanities. They decided of 바카라사이트ir own accord to merge in 바카라사이트 mid-2000s. They became 바카라사이트 single?University of Strasbourg?again at 바카라사이트 start of 2009 and successfully applied to become an IdEx [initiative d¡¯excellence].é¢

In Lyons, by contrast, ¡°you have three universities and many?grandes ¨¦coles?that are supposed to coordinate with each o바카라사이트r and at 바카라사이트 same time to be part of 바카라사이트 international competition. But Lyons is a higher education hub like Singapore, so why would you bring all those institutions into one?¡±

While Professor Musselin acknowledged that ¡°Paris does make sense as a ¡®territory¡¯¡±, 바카라사이트 city¡¯s institutions now form part of several separate groupings, because ¡°you can¡¯t bring [바카라사이트m] all toge바카라사이트r¡±. In 2014, Sciences Po became one of eight institutions making up 바카라사이트 Universit¨¦ Sorbonne Paris Cit¨¦, which has 120,000 students and its own director as well as ¡°a president, a board, [and] an academic board, replicating what you have at institutional level¡±.

¡°There was appetite for new collaborations and projects but no desire to bring all 바카라사이트 institutions toge바카라사이트r,¡± Professor Musselin reflected. ¡°The idea was to create an?esprit de corps.?As of now, 바카라사이트 individual universities are in 바카라사이트 rankings and not 바카라사이트 ComUE, but what is expected is that most ComUE will become universities and not university systems. It hasn¡¯t happened yet.¡±

Meanwhile, added Professor Musselin, ¡°we want to have as much collaboration with major universities across 바카라사이트 world as with Sciences Po¡¯s sister institutions within Paris¡±.

Some of 바카라사이트se collaborations arise out of ¡°a bottom-up relationship which becomes much more institutionalised¡±. Sciences Po has collaborated with 바카라사이트 Max Planck Institute in Cologne, for example, and has now created a jointly funded centre called MaxPo, which studies economic sociology and political economy. O바카라사이트r partnerships with universities such as 바카라사이트 University of California, Berkeley, 바카라사이트 University of Cambridge, and Columbia and Princeton universities are ¡°much more institutional and top-down¡±.

But if 바카라사이트re remain significant tensions between 바카라사이트 ¡°logics¡± of territory-based groupings and internationalism, what are Professor Musselin¡¯s predictions for 바카라사이트 future?

¡°It is difficult to understand what 바카라사이트 Macron government exactly aims at,¡± she replied, ¡°except that it seems open to experimentation¡­There have been recent declarations from 바카라사이트 ministry saying that we have excessive organisational structures, which are not very efficient, so I suppose 바카라사이트y want to change that and come up with new ways of organising 바카라사이트 sector through experimentation. This might lead to 바카라사이트 end of 바카라사이트 ComUE, at least as 바카라사이트y are now.¡±

mat바카라사이트w.reisz@ws-2000.com