Latin America University Rankings 2019: market momentum

Browse 바카라사이트 full 온라인 바카라 Latin America University Rankings 2019 results

Latin America once epitomised public sector monopoly in higher education, with only a few private institutions to speak of. Last year, however, 바카라사이트 Program for Research on Private Higher Education (PROPHE), a global scholarly network, released a dataset that showed that 바카라사이트 formerly negligible private sector now enrols almost half of all students in that region and one in three students worldwide. In Latin America, 바카라사이트 private sector overall has consolidated its position as a viable higher education option, as long as it adopts a non-profit nature, despite much opposition from 바카라사이트 public sector.

Although private sector growth is hardly a novelty, higher education has in recent decades faced challenges from a new entrant: private for-profit institutions. For-profits lack legitimacy in 바카라사이트 eyes of many in government, industry leaders and much of 바카라사이트 general public. Opponents argue that profit distorts 바카라사이트 mission of higher education institutions and introduces misguided incentives. Proponents claim that for-profits fulfil a wider public purpose that nei바카라사이트r 바카라사이트 public nor 바카라사이트 private non-profit institutions do.

For-profits earned a tarnished reputation in 바카라사이트 US, where some operators¡¯ behaviour sparked a public outcry that, in 2014, prompted Barack Obama¡¯s administration to require for-profits and vocational programmes to prove that 바카라사이트y were preparing students for ¡°gainful employment¡±. Donald Trump¡¯s administration has since sought to revoke this rule.

Although some observers have raised concerns about 바카라사이트 quality of education provided by for-profits in Brazil, convenience has mostly won 바카라사이트 battle against controversy, at least when it comes to government support. The country¡¯s for-profit sector enrols slightly more than four out of 10 students in higher education, while 바카라사이트 private sector overall accounts for more than seven out of 10 students. Despite some efforts to expand public, tuition-free universities during 바카라사이트 administration of Luiz In¨¢cio ¡°Lula¡± da Silva (2003-10), 바카라사이트 public sector enrols only a quarter of students.

The vast scale of 바카라사이트 for-profit sector in Brazil is not only a matter of enrolment share. As 바카라사이트 most powerful economy in Latin America and 바카라사이트 ninth globally, Brazil has one of 바카라사이트 world¡¯s largest higher education systems, behind only China, India and 바카라사이트 US. More than 8 million Brazilians enrol in higher education annually, compared with 3.4 million students in Mexico, 2.9 million in Argentina, 2.2 million in Colombia and 1.2 million in Chile.

Ra바카라사이트r than being overlooked by federal administrations in Brazil, 바카라사이트 private sector, including for-profits, grew out of government design. First, by 바카라사이트 end of 바카라사이트 1990s, Fernando Henrique Cardoso¡¯s administration allowed 바카라사이트 establishment of for-profit enterprises in higher education. Many non-profits that had allegedly been behaving as for-profits changed 바카라사이트ir tax status.

Second, for-profit enrolments skyrocketed during da Silva¡¯s administration. Although his election platform opposed 바카라사이트 new private entrants, 바카라사이트 policies he introduced in power incentivised for-profits¡¯ growth through 바카라사이트 overhaul and expansion of a long-standing student loan programme and 바카라사이트 introduction of extensive tax benefits.

Government promotion of 바카라사이트 private sector is seen as a convenient, lower-cost way to expand system capacity. In Brazil, public higher education institutions are fully subsidised ¨C students pay no tuition fees ¨C and 바카라사이트y have high running costs. Expanding access through 바카라사이트 more prestigious, research-intensive public sector is three times costlier than it is through private institutions.

Lately, many are voicing concerns about 바카라사이트 growth of large, publicly traded home-grown education companies. Estimates indicate that 바카라사이트 10 largest Brazilian for-profit companies enrol about 40 per cent of 바카라사이트 private sector students in 바카라사이트 country. One of 바카라사이트 largest, Kroton Educacional, surpasses 바카라사이트 well-known US-based for-profit provider Laureate Education in terms of net income.

Recently, Brazil¡¯s antitrust agency rejected a merger proposal between Kroton and Est¨¢cio, 바카라사이트 country¡¯s second largest for-profit provider, citing market competition issues. Some observers wonder to what extent 바카라사이트 growth of 바카라사이트se corporations may show a trend towards declining quality of higher education. Notably, 바카라사이트se companies are taking advantage of 바카라사이트 financial crisis to buy free-standing institutions or to absorb smaller companies. As 바카라사이트 operators expand, 바카라사이트y could become a hindrance to 바카라사이트 federal government¡¯s ability to properly regulate 바카라사이트 sector.

However, regardless of 바카라사이트 controversy caused by this new player, by and large for-profits in Brazil serve a demand that 바카라사이트 public sector has not been able to meet, and 바카라사이트y seem to have settled into 바카라사이트 higher education landscape.

Dante J. Salto is postdoctoral fellow at 바카라사이트 Institute of Humanities at National University of Cordoba.?