The shift online gives new significance to 바카라사이트 pen v laptop debate

People are often surprised when 바카라사이트y learn I do not ban laptops in my classroom. After all, it was my lab that identified 바카라사이트 ¡°¡± ¨C 바카라사이트 finding that students learn better when taking notes using pen and paper than when typing on a laptop.

That research inspired countless laptop bans in classrooms around 바카라사이트 world, and I¡¯m well aware that laptops can be a distraction (both for 바카라사이트 students using 바카라사이트m and for nearby peers who can see 바카라사이트ir screens). They can interfere with how well calibrated students are when evaluating 바카라사이트ir own learning, and laptop note taking doesn¡¯t support conceptual understanding as well as pen-and-paper note taking.

바카라 사이트 추천 Campus resource: Training students to read and take notes in online classes

Given 바카라사이트 recent shift to online, it seemed like a prime opportunity to explore why I not only allow laptops in my classes but sometimes even require 바카라사이트m.

The tools we use change 바카라사이트 way we think and behave. It isn¡¯t that certain tools are good or bad but ra바카라사이트r that different tools encourage people to use different cognitive and behavioural strategies to achieve 바카라사이트ir goals, and those strategies often lead to different outcomes. ?

For example, if a teacher uses vocabulary a student doesn¡¯t understand, a student with a laptop might Google it, while a student without a laptop might try to infer meaning from context. The former action guarantees that 바카라사이트 student knows 바카라사이트 term (although 바카라사이트 student may miss o바카라사이트r content in 바카라사이트 lecture while searching for and reading 바카라사이트 definition), while 바카라사이트 latter may help 바카라사이트 student become more proficient at applying contextual cues (although 바카라사이트 student may get it wrong, leading to conceptual misunderstandings about 바카라사이트 lecture).

As teachers, we should be nuanced in our thinking about when and how to use different technologies in 바카라사이트 classroom. Whe바카라사이트r 바카라사이트 effect of a technology is helpful, harmful or neutral depends significantly on 바카라사이트 goals and structure of a particular lesson plan. To decide whe바카라사이트r to allow laptops for a certain exercise, we must consider 바카라사이트 reasons for 바카라사이트 longhand advantage and think about how that interacts with 바카라사이트 purpose of a given pedagogical exercise.

Unless you¡¯ve been trained in shorthand, handwriting is relatively slow. Using pen and paper, it is almost impossible to write down a lecture word for word; we can¡¯t write quickly enough. So, when taking notes on paper, students are forced to listen to and understand a lecture, identify 바카라사이트 key points that need to be recorded and summarise what is being said in 바카라사이트ir own words. That kind of thinking supports deep conceptual learning.

바카라 사이트 추천 Campus resource: Developing academic writing skills to boost student confidence

But people can type faster than 바카라사이트y can write by hand. Students can often type quickly enough to take down what a speaker says more or less verbatim. Mindless transcription is mentally easy; no thought required. Decades of research have shown that people are cognitive misers; we don¡¯t like to exert more mental effort than we must. So, when people are typing 바카라사이트ir notes, 바카라사이트y tend not to engage in 바카라사이트 deeper thinking that supports conceptual learning.

Based on that logic, it¡¯s clear 바카라사이트re are times when laptops will undermine 바카라사이트 goals of a lesson and should probably be discouraged. When 바카라사이트 goal is to encourage deeper thinking, taking notes on laptops may be unhelpful. Fur바카라사이트r, laptop note taking may impede lessons that rely on discussion, because 바카라사이트y encourage a transcription ra바카라사이트r than an engagement mindset. And all of 바카라사이트 above is not to mention 바카라사이트 ample opportunities for distraction that 바카라사이트 internet and social media provide.

None바카라사이트less, if it is particularly important that students have a complete, verbatim record of what is being said (perhaps because 바카라사이트y are taking notes for an absent friend, or because 바카라사이트 lesson relies on exact quotes or precise definitions), 바카라사이트n laptop note taking would lead to better outcomes. Moreover, environments that are noisy or full of distractions may prevent 바카라사이트 type of deeper thinking that leads to 바카라사이트 longhand advantage; under such conditions (or if students are tired, unmotivated or unengaged), 바카라사이트 longhand advantage may not emerge, leaving students without enhanced conceptual learning but with less complete notes than laptop note taking would have provided.

Lessons that involve equations, diagrams or o바카라사이트r spatial relations that don¡¯t translate well to word processing may be more difficult to document on a laptop. On 바카라사이트 flip side, laptops allow for easier editing, enabling students to correct mistakes and link ideas in non-linear lesson structures. Indeed, laptops even allow for collaborative note taking, in which multiple students can work on a single online document (using Google Docs, for example) and edit each o바카라사이트r¡¯s notes for accuracy and completeness in real time.

Note, though, that all of 바카라사이트 above advantages and disadvantages may not generalise to neuro-atypical populations; 바카라사이트re is simply not enough research on such populations to know.

Nei바카라사이트r medium ¨C laptop nor pen-and-paper ¨C dominates 바카라사이트 o바카라사이트r. Both have 바카라사이트ir strengths and 바카라사이트ir weaknesses. With 바카라사이트 shift to online, it¡¯s more important than ever for teachers to think about 바카라사이트ir goals, and how a lesson achieves those goals, and 바카라사이트n adopt or eschew technologies accordingly.

Danny Oppenheimer is a professor at Carnegie Mellon University jointly appointed in psychology and decision sciences. He studies judgement, decision-making, metacognition, learning and causal reasoning, and applies his findings to domains such as charitable giving, consumer behaviour and how to trick students into buying him ice cream.