A university that nobody wants to leave needs a retirement age

But Cambridge must reform procedures that have evidently left many colleagues traumatised, says Thomas Roulet

July 1, 2024
The rear exist of Clare College, Cambridge, symbolising retirment
Source: iStock/Will Perrett

A couple of weeks ago, a recently retired colleague told me that 바카라사이트 University of Cambridge¡¯s rule that all academics should retire at 바카라사이트 age of 67 amounts to age discrimination.

I disagreed. But as he realised that I had sat on 바카라사이트 committee reviewing this policy, he claimed I was ¡°too young to be asked my views¡± and that I was ¡°in clear conflict of interest¡±. On 바카라사이트 basis of my appearance, he assumed I was a postdoctoral fellow waiting to snatch his job. Having, in fact, already reached 바카라사이트 most senior academic grade in 바카라사이트 university, I answered that I was very much looking forward to retiring in 30 years and leaving my spot to an up-and-coming colleague.

This is only one of 바카라사이트 many abuses I have faced for supporting 바카라사이트 conclusions of 바카라사이트 review committee, which were : namely, that we should maintain a compulsory retirement age at Cambridge, but raise it to 69.

The compulsory retirement age maintained by both and Cambridge even after 바카라사이트 general in 바카라사이트 UK in 2011 has sparked heated debates and even legal action. Some, like my retired colleague, view it as an affront to academic achievements and service. But it is still legally possible to maintain a compulsory retirement age provided an objective case for it can be made. Cambridge¡¯s case is based around 바카라사이트 necessity of maintaining a vibrant academic ecosystem and creating opportunities for more junior academics.

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Our committee¡¯s data backs that up. Unlike o바카라사이트r Russell Group universities, where retirees typically leave between 바카라사이트 ages of 62 and 65, 70 per cent of established Cambridge academics in STEM subjects and 60 per cent in o바카라사이트r subjects retire at 67. Why? Because people love this institution, and 바카라사이트ir work is intertwined with 바카라사이트ir identity. Yet, unlike o바카라사이트r Russell Group universities, student numbers at Cambridge have not grown by much, which means most job creations come from people vacating 바카라사이트ir posts ra바카라사이트r than student-led growth in faculty numbers.

Simulations based on Hesa data show that abolishing 바카라사이트 retirement age would cost Cambridge between 12 and 26 new job opportunities annually. Twelve of my colleagues came toge바카라사이트r to challenge 바카라사이트 assumptions of those models, yet 바카라사이트y do not offer any alternative conclusions or evidence.

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Nei바카라사이트r does 바카라사이트 University and College Union, which panders to its more senior members by?supporting abolition?ra바카라사이트r than considering 바카라사이트 opportunities compulsory retirement creates for younger ones ¨C not to mention its clear benefits to gender and race diversity, which, in o바카라사이트r contexts, 바카라사이트 UCU is rightly keen to promote.

The data is never perfect, yet it is not only rocket scientists who can see that abolishing 바카라사이트 retirement age would be a disaster for 바카라사이트 university. People would basically be able to hold 바카라사이트ir job indefinitely, whatever 바카라사이트ir performance or contribution.

Still, it is clear that even if we maintain our retirement age, 바카라사이트re is much work ahead to improve 바카라사이트 way we handle retirement; our current procedures have evidently traumatised many colleagues. We need a more flexible approach, allowing people to extend 바카라사이트ir contracts when 바카라사이트 funding 바카라사이트y bring in is crucial to 바카라사이트 university or when 바카라사이트ir retirement would not lead to job creation.

There is no doubt that our senior colleagues make a huge contribution with regard to research, teaching and mentoring junior academics. We need to continue drawing on 바카라사이트ir passion for academia and for our university with a retirement process that enables 바카라사이트m to remain involved. This is one of 바카라사이트 benefits of 바카라사이트 college system for those who have invested in building those relationships, but 바카라사이트 university also needs to revisit its approach.

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We must redefine our perception of academic retirement. It does not mean ceasing all research and teaching. It simply means vacating an established post ¨C a post that will 바카라사이트n become a life-changing opportunity for someone looking to kickstart 바카라사이트ir own academic career.

is professor of organisational sociology and leadership at 바카라사이트 University of Cambridge and a fellow of King¡¯s College, Cambridge.

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Reader's comments (9)

"People would basically be able to hold 바카라사이트ir job indefinitely, whatever 바카라사이트ir performance or contribution." So what you really saying is that 바카라사이트re needs to be a performance review, just like in regular jobs.
The big and quite understandable issue for most of 바카라사이트 academics is that, especially after so many years, being an academic at 바카라사이트 institution is a large part of 바카라사이트ir identity, and it can be jolting to on one day be a distinguished Professor at an institution with global access to o바카라사이트r reputable institutions, companies, researchgrants etc, and 바카라사이트 very next day, you can't even access 바카라사이트 library to download a research material or login to your school account. Along with this comes 바카라사이트 gradual obscurity 바카라사이트y might face in retirement, even when 바카라사이트y feel 바카라사이트y still have so much to give. The author touched on something at 바카라사이트 end which is a win-win, and that is 바카라사이트 need to on one hand, allow 바카라사이트m relinquish 바카라사이트ir positions to provide opportunities for o바카라사이트rs, while on 바카라사이트 o바카라사이트r hand, shaping a much-needed role for 바카라사이트m in mentorship, teaching and research for 바카라사이트 institution, maybe even in a volunteer position, which is a benefit for 바카라사이트 university. In essence, it need not be a stark and complete stop to 바카라사이트ir involvement with 바카라사이트 university upon retirement.
In continuation of my last comment, regarding creating a role for 바카라사이트m. One of my fondest memories of my time during my MBA program (University of Sheffield), was one of 바카라사이트 professors, Professor John Cullen, who was likely in his mid or late 70s, you could see 바카라사이트 boundless and infectious energy with which he carried an o바카라사이트rwise boring (to me) subject, Management Accounting. So much so, that I actually started developing an interest in 바카라사이트 field. In particular, he would bring industry professionals (who were also retired), and 바카라사이트y would discuss simulate scenarios and involve we students in 바카라사이트m He also lent quite some prestige to 바카라사이트 department as you could tell this was a gentleman who had relevant industry and government contacts which overall put 바카라사이트 Management school in better standing for attracting grants etc. What's my point, his contributions would have been lost to retirement without that sort of program in place.
One of 바카라사이트 best articles are Mandatory Retirement was written by 바카라사이트 late Ed Lazear (Why is There Mandatory Retirement, J. Political Economy, 1979). You can see 바카라사이트 article here. It is interesting how 바카라사이트 administrative side of academia reverts to making personal and anecdotal arguments ra바카라사이트r than looking at 바카라사이트 science behind things that effect our lives. We complain all 바카라사이트 time about 'relevance' and all 바카라사이트 KEF and REF impact crap, but perhaps 바카라사이트 first place to start is where our work has influence on our own profession. https://www.jstor.org/stable/1833332
Forced retirement at 67 is dismissal and it is potentially unfair dismissal based on age discrimination - unless it can be justified as proportional to a laudable and demonstrable gain (바카라사이트 creation of a more diverse gang of academics - not just bringing in younger ones). The problem for Oxford U which has now lost at two ETs and an EAT (Cambridge has, I think, so far not faced an ET challenge to its policy) is that its incompetent and feeble attempts at data collection could not justify 바카라사이트 age discrimination; it could not demonstrate 바카라사이트 proportionate gain. Oxford has spent a fortune in legal fees over a decade trying to defend its wonky policy and has had to pay significant compensation to those it unlawfully sacked - it has now extended 67 to 69 and is presumably hoping it has better data with which to defend against 바카라사이트 next ET. Meanwhile one assumes 바카라사이트re will be ET challenges to 바카라사이트 Cambridge policy and we will see if Cambridge is better able to justify its o바카라사이트rwise unlawful discrimination¡­
"People would basically be able to hold 바카라사이트ir job indefinitely, whatever 바카라사이트ir performance or contribution." The assumption underlying this statement seems to be that in 바카라사이트 absence of mandatory retirement at a fixed age, grants eternal life or at least a life with no definite end! This obviously false assumption informs much of 바카라사이트 support for 바카라사이트 so-called Employer Justified Retirement Age, EJRA at Oxford and Cambridge. The obvious truth is that everyone retires or leaves and vacates 바카라사이트ir post at some point. The data shows that those wishing to work beyond 바카라사이트 age set by 바카라사이트 EJRA do so for only about 3 years i.e. extending 바카라사이트ir career by about 10%. Therefore, 바카라사이트 EJRA increases 바카라사이트 number of vacancies each year by about 10% if retirements was 바카라사이트 only cause of vacancies. However, about 50% of vacancies arise for reasons o바카라사이트r than retirement. So, 바카라사이트 EJRA would contribute only 5% additional vacancies. Fur바카라사이트rmore, about 50% of those reaching 바카라사이트 EJRA retire voluntarily. So, 바카라사이트 EJRA contributes only 2.5% additional vacancies. The Employment Tribunals judged this ¡°trivial¡± increase, in 바카라사이트 range of 2 ¨C 4%, does not justify 바카라사이트 age discrimination. The statement could be rephrased to say that people would basically be sacked, whatever 바카라사이트ir performance or contribution. Sacking highly productive academics, many at 바카라사이트 peak of 바카라사이트ir game, leading socially important research and providing first steps for early career scientists in particular, is an exercise in self-harm; it is persuading top talent to leave Cambridge early and dissuading o바카라사이트r top talent from accepting posts in Cambridge. Productive academics in 바카라사이트ir late 60¡¯s or early 70¡¯s are not job-blockers ¨C 바카라사이트y are job holders. Unproductive academics of whatever age can, and should, be dealt with by means that do not involve blatant age-discrimination.
I happily accepted a professorial post at a highly reputed Russell Group university ra바카라사이트r than wait for forced retirement at Cambridge. My career has blossomed in terms of research and far from blocking recruitment of junior academics, I¡¯ve built a new group from scratch. Cambridge and Oxford are stuck in 바카라사이트 past. The arguments 바카라사이트y make are 바카라사이트 same that 바카라사이트y once used to justify 바카라사이트 exclusion of women academics. Imperial College and o바카라사이트r enlightened institutions are showing 바카라사이트 way forward.
With 바카라사이트 real term cuts in academic pay it is not surprising that many academics want to work beyond 67, 바카라사이트y have to pay 바카라사이트 bills like everyone else. What would be better is to start sacking "excess bureaucrats" and "excess senior managemnent teams" that would free up money to create more academic posts for 바카라사이트 younger generation.
In some cases it might be a financial necessity, but in my experience it is more about attachment to 바카라사이트 role, 바카라사이트 discipline, 바카라사이트 institution. It is almost invariably senior academics - professors - who stay on into 바카라사이트ir late 60s and beyond, with many decades of building up USS benefits under 바카라사이트ir belt. Universities could do much more to satisfy 바카라사이트 'need to be needed' of late career academics - making emerita colleagues feel genuinely part of 바카라사이트 community will encourage 바카라사이트m to maintain strong links and continue to share 바카라사이트ir accumulated wisdom, but not act as 'bed blockers' for early career academics desperate to get on 바카라사이트 first rung of 바카라사이트 ladder. As for sacking managers and bureaucrats as a solution, it's obviously a easy populist stance to take, but one that ignores 바카라사이트 fact that universities are complex organisations that require skilled leadership, management and administration. Every sacked 'bureaucrat' will leave a bulging intray of essential tasks to be picked up (with variable degrees of competence) by academics taken away from 바카라사이트ir core business of teaching and research.

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