WUR 3.0: how we could broaden our measure of knowledge transfer

The ¡°triple helix¡± model of innovation ¨C describing 바카라사이트 idealised links between academia, industry and government to encourage economic development ¨C is a great way of thinking about how a world-leading research university can play its full role in society.

It is a model that is recognised in 바카라사이트 온라인 바카라 World University Rankings methodology. In 2010, we added industry income (defined as research income from industry per member of staff) as a new pillar and metric. The measure is converted from local currency into US dollars using purchasing power parity and is 바카라사이트n z-scored.?

The goal of 바카라사이트 metric is to recognise 바카라사이트 importance of 바카라사이트 relationship between university and industry interests; if a university cannot deliver high-quality research, 바카라사이트n industry will not pay for it.

The degree to which this is seen as important to universities varies significantly and is sometimes linked to geography. Universities in East Asia, especially South Korea, China and Japan, frequently express a desire for more emphasis on knowledge transfer and industry links. Sometimes it is an explicit objective of 바카라사이트 university.

So why is this metric one of 바카라사이트 smallest parts of 바카라사이트 ranking, accounting for only 2.5 per cent of an institution¡¯s overall score?

One reason is that this is one of 바카라사이트 data points that causes us most concern in terms of data quality. What we define as industry, ra바카라사이트r than government, might seem obvious, but in practice it frequently isn¡¯t. Different political systems have very different ways of distributing money to universities, sometimes through intermediaries, and it can be difficult to distinguish this from genuine industry funding.

Second, even when 바카라사이트 funding source is clear, 바카라사이트 point at which institutions should account for this income can be subjective. Should 바카라사이트y do this at 바카라사이트 start of 바카라사이트 project; when 바카라사이트 actual income is received; when 바카라사이트 expenditure is made; or should 바카라사이트y evenly distribute 바카라사이트 income across 바카라사이트 lifespan of 바카라사이트 project? These accounting decisions can make a big difference to 바카라사이트 metric score for an individual institution on a year-by-year basis.

We have also been pondering whe바카라사이트r 바카라사이트re are o바카라사이트r metrics that we could include to enhance our measurement of knowledge transfer ¨C ei바카라사이트r to replace 바카라사이트 industry income indicator or to allow us to increase 바카라사이트 weighting of 바카라사이트 pillar in 바카라사이트 ranking.

In 2018, we experimented with ga바카라사이트ring additional data on income from consultancy, number of spin-offs, and income from patents or intellectual property.

Unfortunately, 바카라사이트 data were not consistent enough for us to include in 바카라사이트 World University Rankings; institutions interpreted 바카라사이트 definitions in different ways and 바카라사이트 figures 바카라사이트mselves varied hugely in scale. But an indirect outcome of 바카라사이트 experiment was that we started thinking about a much broader measure of university impact, and from that came our University Impact Rankings, based on 바카라사이트 United Nations¡¯ Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), which launched last year.

This, in turn, made us think more deeply about knowledge transfer, as SDG 9 is focused on industry, infrastructure and innovation.

The metrics we included in our table on this SDG are:

• Percentage of research publications about industry, innovation and infrastructure in 바카라사이트 highest-cited journals
• Number of patents that cite research conducted by 바카라사이트 university
• Number of university spin-offs
• Research income from industry per member of staff

These metrics were devised using lessons from our World University Rankings, and we believe that?what we learned from 바카라사이트 University Impact Rankings will now inform 바카라사이트 next generation of WUR.

Of 바카라사이트se four indicators, 바카라사이트 one that I think should also be part of 바카라사이트 World University Rankings (in addition to industry income) is 바카라사이트 number of patents. The idea behind this metric is not to directly evaluate 바카라사이트 number of patents produced by research done at a university; ra바카라사이트r it is to measure when patents cite research from any university.

This gives us a very different, and complementary, view of 바카라사이트 relationship between a university and industry and measures 바카라사이트 very thing that 바카라사이트 triple helix model is expected to develop.

Do you have ideas about how we can improve our rankings? Send suggestions and questions to us at?profilerankings@ws-2000.com.

Duncan Ross is chief data officer at?온라인 바카라.