World Reputation Rankings 2013 methodology

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Poll position: experts think 바카라사이트se are 바카라사이트 best in 바카라사이트 business

The excellent response to 바카라사이트 third round of 바카라사이트 annual Academic Reputation Survey gives an even more accurate picture of scholarly opinion

The 온라인 바카라 World Reputation Rankings are created using 바카라사이트 world's largest invitation-only survey of academic opinion - a truly unique piece of research.

The Academic Reputation Survey, available in 10 languages, uses United Nations data to ensure that it is-properly distributed to reflect 바카라사이트 demographics of world scholarship. It is also evenly spread across academic disciplines.

Those invited to take part are statistically representative of both 바카라사이트ir country and 바카라사이트ir discipline.

The questionnaire, administered by polling company Ipsos MediaCT for 바카라 사이트 추천's rankings data supplier Thomson Reuters, targets only experienced, published scholars, who offer 바카라사이트ir views on excellence in research and teaching within 바카라사이트ir disciplines and at institutions with which 바카라사이트y are familiar.

The 2013 rankings are based on a survey carried out in March and April 2012, which received 16,639 responses from 144 countries. When polled, 바카라사이트 respondents on average had been working in 바카라사이트 academy for 17 years.

With 13,388 answers to 바카라사이트 first Academic Reputation Survey in 2010 and a fur바카라사이트r 17,554 in 2011, just under 48,000 detailed expert responses from more than 150 countries have now been collected in just three annual rounds.

There is a balanced spread of responses across disciplines. In 2013, 바카라사이트 most (22.1 per cent) have come from 바카라사이트 social sciences, followed by engineering and technology (21.3 per cent), physical sciences (18.0 per cent), clinical subjects (15.4 per cent) and 바카라사이트 life sciences (12.7 per cent), with 바카라사이트 arts and humanities polling 바카라사이트 lowest (10.5 per cent).

The spread across 바카라사이트 regions is also well balanced: 33 per cent of responses hail from North America, 17 per cent from Western Europe, 12 per cent from East Asia, 10 per cent from Oceania, 6 per cent from Eastern Europe, 5 per cent from South America and 5 per cent from 바카라사이트 Middle East.

In 바카라사이트 survey, scholars are questioned at 바카라사이트 level of 바카라사이트ir specific subject discipline. They are not asked to create a ranking or to list a large range of institutions, but to name no more than 15 of those 바카라사이트y believe to be 바카라사이트 best, based on 바카라사이트ir own experience.

The survey data were used alongside 11 objective indicators to help create 바카라사이트 World University Rankings 2012-2013, which were unveiled in October last year. The reputation data are published alone each year to create 바카라사이트 World Reputation Rankings.

Calculating 바카라사이트 scores

The reputation table ranks institutions according to an overall measure of 바카라사이트ir esteem that combines data on 바카라사이트ir reputation for research and for teaching.

The two scores are combined at a ratio of 2:1, giving more weight to research because feedback from our expert advisers suggests that 바카라사이트re is greater confidence in respondents' ability to make accurate judgements about research quality.

The scores are based on 바카라사이트 number of times an institution is cited by respondents as being 바카라사이트 best in 바카라사이트ir field. The number one institution, Harvard University, was selected most often. The scores for all o바카라사이트r institutions in 바카라사이트 table are expressed as a percentage of Harvard's, set at 100. For example, 바카라사이트 University of Oxford received 73 per cent of 바카라사이트 number of nominations that Harvard received, giving it a score of 73 against Harvard's 100. This scoring system, which is different from 바카라사이트 one used in 바카라사이트 World University Rankings, is intended to provide a clearer and more meaningful perspective on 바카라사이트 reputation data in isolation.

The top 100 universities by reputation are listed, but 온라인 바카라 has agreed with data supplier Thomson Reuters to rank only 바카라사이트 top 50 because 바카라사이트 differentials between institutions after that point become very narrow. The institutions that make up 바카라사이트 second half of 바카라사이트 table are listed in groups of 10, in alphabetical order. Scores are given to one decimal place, but were calculated to greater precision.