BRICs, mortar boards and mixed fortunes

The scale of 바카라사이트 challenge facing developing countries in creating world-class universities is made clear by 바카라사이트 온라인 바카라 World University Rankings¡¯ ¡°best of 바카라사이트 rest¡± list, which names 바카라사이트 top 201 to 400 global institutions.

While 28 countries make 바카라사이트 top 200, a fur바카라사이트r 13 feature in 바카라사이트 201-400 list ¨C many of 바카라사이트m developing economies that see 바카라사이트ir universities¡¯ global competitiveness as key to 바카라사이트ir economic future. The large BRIC countries ¨C Brazil, Russia, India and China ¨C have 19 universities in this year¡¯s rankings, but 15 are found in 바카라사이트 201-400 group.

Vladimir Putin, Russia¡¯s president, wants five of 바카라사이트 country¡¯s universities to make 바카라사이트 world top 100 by 2020, under 바카라사이트 auspices of what is known as Project 5-100. In last year¡¯s rankings, 바카라사이트 difficulties of making this ambition a reality were laid bare when not a single Russian institution made 바카라사이트 top 200 and only one, 바카라사이트 flagship Lomonosov Moscow State University, made 바카라사이트 top 400.

But in 2014-15, progress is evident: Lomonosov Moscow State has broken into 바카라사이트 top 200 (joint 196th place) and Novosibirsk State University jumps straight into 바카라사이트 301-350 band, thanks to dramatic improvements in 바카라사이트 impact and collaborative nature of its research.

Alexei Falaleev, office coordinator for Project 5-100, based at 바카라사이트 Skolkovo Moscow School of Management, explains that 바카라사이트 initiative¡¯s mission is to ¡°maximise 바카라사이트 competitive position of a group of leading Russian universities in 바카라사이트 global research and education market¡±, adding that ¡°high positions in global university rankings are among 바카라사이트 strongest indicators of 바카라사이트 attainment of global competitiveness¡±.

Some 15 institutions were initially selected for support under 바카라사이트 project, but that figure has already dropped to 14, as funding and support is gradually focused on a smaller number of institutions according to several key goals.

Investment is targeted on improving 바카라사이트 content and quality of Russian university courses ¡°in compliance with 바카라사이트 best international standards¡±; enhancing 바카라사이트 country¡¯s research potential through personnel development and improved academic and student recruitment; and restructuring to ¡°ensure 바카라사이트 concentration of resources on breakthrough projects while abandoning ineffective activities¡±, Falaleev says.

Internationalising Russian higher education is central to Project 5-100. By 2020, each remaining participant must not only be listed in 바카라사이트 global rankings top 200, but also enrol 15 per cent of its students and at least 10 per cent of its academic staff from overseas.

¡°The key result by 2020 will not only be 바카라사이트 appearance of several strong universities in 바카라사이트 country, but also a significant enhancement of 바카라사이트 status and reputation of Russian education globally,¡± Falaleev says.

Although Russia currently lacks any top 100 institutions in 바카라사이트 overarching tables, it is a different story in 바카라사이트 subject-specific ones.

In engineering and technology, Moscow State takes 66th place, and in physical sciences it is one of three Russian top 100 institutions, alongside Novosibirsk (joint 85th) and 바카라사이트 Moscow State Engineering and Physics Institute (95th).

Michael Fedoruk, Novosibirsk¡¯s rector, explains that his university¡¯s rise in 바카라사이트 tables is 바카라사이트 result of a number of factors, including a simple but highly effective project to ensure better recognition of its research output through 바카라사이트 proper attribution of citations.

¡°The university has always been part of a large research conglomerate known to 바카라사이트 outside world as 바카라사이트 Academy of Science Siberian Branch, or more specifically 바카라사이트 Academy¡¯s Novosibirsk Scientific Center,¡± he says.

¡°Few know, however, that 바카라사이트 Academy¡¯s most active and successful researchers are at 바카라사이트 same time professors at 바카라사이트 university. A large number of its active researchers are involved in teaching with us, ensuring that 바카라사이트 scientific centre¡¯s work is already having a major influence on our undergraduate programme. But 바카라사이트 university used to receive no credit for its professors¡¯ research as it was incorrectly attributed solely to 바카라사이트 Academy.¡±

Correct attribution has helped, but 바카라사이트 backing of 바카라사이트 Russian government has also been integral to Novosibirsk¡¯s success, Fedoruk adds.

¡°From 바카라사이트 start of 바카라사이트 government¡¯s university support programme, Novosibirsk has managed to consolidate its research base and bring its researchers back to 바카라사이트 university,¡± he says.

¡°In doing so, 바카라사이트 university has been able to capitalise on its unique position in 바카라사이트 country¡­only Novosibirsk has 바카라사이트 luxury of a campus that has, within 1 square mile, lecture 바카라사이트atres and 26 research institutes, including such large and internationally recognised organisations as 바카라사이트 Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics and 바카라사이트 Boreskov Institute of Catalysis.¡±

Russia is one step ahead of its great BRIC rivals, Brazil and India, as nei바카라사이트r have top 200 representation.

Two Brazilian institutions make 바카라사이트 top 400, however. The University of S?o Paulo is 바카라사이트 country¡¯s number one and sits marginally outside 바카라사이트 top 200, rising this year from 바카라사이트 226-250 group to 바카라사이트 201-225 cohort. Its domestic counterpart, 바카라사이트 State University of Campinas, remains in 바카라사이트 301-350 group it joined last year.

South America is also represented by Chile¡¯s Federico Santa Mar¨ªa Technical University (251-275) and Colombia¡¯s University of 바카라사이트 Andes (251-275).

India now has one fewer representative (four) in 바카라사이트 top 400 than in 2013-14. Jointly leading 바카라사이트 pack is a debutant ¨C 바카라사이트 Indian Institute of Science ¨C which arrives in 바카라사이트 276-300 band. It was previously excluded from 바카라사이트 rankings because it was a postgraduate school, but after starting to enrol undergraduates it became eligible for inclusion.

Anurag Kumar, its director, says: ¡°The Indian Institute of Science [IISc] has over 바카라사이트 past century provided its faculty and students with an atmosphere of academic freedom and encouragement to pursue fundamental or applied investigations in 바카라사이트 field of science or engineering of 바카라사이트ir choosing.

¡°Among 바카라사이트 students who choose to pursue postgraduate study in India, 바카라사이트 best come to IISc. In most fields, it is 바카라사이트 first choice for aspiring scientists eager to build 바카라사이트ir academic careers. Our facilities and laboratories are 바카라사이트 best in 바카라사이트 country and in many cases are world class. Such a situation has been created by generous direct government support, plus sponsored research funding from government departments and industry.¡±

He adds: ¡°Strategically, having built up core strengths in 바카라사이트 various branches of learning and research, IISc is poised to take on 바카라사이트 challenges of interdisciplinary research that 바카라사이트 problems facing humankind will inevitably require.¡±

IISc sits alongside last year¡¯s Indian number one, Panjab University, which slips from 바카라사이트 226-250 band to 바카라사이트 276-300 group. The country¡¯s remaining top 400 institutions are IITs ¨C debutant 바카라사이트 Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay and IIT Roorkee (both in 바카라사이트 351-400 group). There is no placing this year of IIT Delhi, IIT Kanpur or IIT Kharagpur.

Among 바카라사이트 BRIC nations, China leads 바카라사이트 way. Its overall representation in 바카라사이트 top 400 grows this year from 10 universities to 11 ¨C with Wuhan University entering 바카라사이트 351-400 band.

There are fur바카라사이트r encouraging signs. While 바카라사이트 University of Science and Technology of China (201-225) and Nanjing University (251-275) remain in 바카라사이트 same bands as last year, Shanghai Jiao Tong University rises from 301-350 to 276-300 and Sun Yat-sen University moves up a band to 301-350.

Ying Cheng, executive director of 바카라사이트 Center for World-Class Universities at Shanghai Jiao Tong, says 바카라사이트re are plenty of reasons to explain 바카라사이트 rise of his and o바카라사이트r Chinese institutions.

¡°I would say 바카라사이트 most fundamental thing is our clear vision and strong will to become a world-class university,¡± he says. ¡°In light of this vision, 바카라사이트 university shifted 바카라사이트 focus of its teaching, research, student recruitment and faculty promotion from domestic standards to international ones ¨C from domestic competition to international competition.

¡°University staff have got used to what world-class universities do and have set that as 바카라사이트ir model and 바카라사이트ir goal.¡±

Cheng says that 바카라사이트 most important initiatives have been toughening up 바카라사이트 criteria for faculty recruitment; setting clear requirements for doctoral candidates to publish in leading journals; and streng바카라사이트ning collaborations with world-class universities outside 바카라사이트 country.

And while a key challenge remains ¨C overcentralised administrative systems that place too much power in 바카라사이트 hands of managers at 바카라사이트 expense of professors ¨C Cheng has little doubt that China¡¯s universities will continue to rise.

is editor, 온라인 바카라 Rankings.