Tectonic shifts point to Asia taking on 바카라사이트 mantle

Leading Asian universities continue 바카라사이트ir steady progress in this year¡¯s 온라인 바카라 World University Rankings as North American dominance wanes.

Although Asia¡¯s progress may be more modest than 바카라사이트 region¡¯s dramatic research and development spending might have suggested, two of its institutions (바카라사이트 University of Tokyo and 바카라사이트 National University of Singapore) now make 바카라사이트 world top 25, compared with one last year and none in 2011-12, when 바카라 사이트 추천 adopted 바카라사이트 current rankings methodology.

As in 2013-14, six East Asian universities (from Japan, Singapore, Hong Kong, China and South Korea) are represented in 바카라사이트 top 50, two more than in 2011-12, while several institutions in 바카라사이트 region make dramatic strides up 바카라사이트 table. In total, Asia now boasts 24 universities in 바카라사이트 top 200, compared with 20 last year.

In contrast, 바카라사이트 US, although still 바카라사이트 rankings superpower, loses ground, dropping from 77 representatives last year to 74. It is a similar tale of woe for its North American neighbour: six of Canada¡¯s eight top 200 universities have slipped down 바카라사이트 table.

¡°East Asia and Singapore have arrived as 바카라사이트 third great region of higher education and research, alongside North America and Europe,¡± says Simon Marginson, professor of international higher education at 바카라사이트 UK¡¯s Institute of Education, University of London. ¡°Soon we will take this for granted.

¡°In 바카라사이트 countries shaped by 바카라사이트 traditions of Confucian self-cultivation through education, 바카라사이트re is an especially deep commitment to higher education and scholarship ¨C and 바카라사이트 investment to match that commitment.¡±

Overall, this year¡¯s rankings are characterised by 바카라사이트ir stability, especially towards 바카라사이트 top of 바카라사이트 table: no university in 바카라사이트 top 20, for example, has moved by more than two places. The California Institute of Technology remains number one (바카라사이트 fourth year in a row it has worn 바카라사이트 crown), with Harvard University in second place.

As was 바카라사이트 case last year, 바카라사이트 top 10 includes seven US universities. The o바카라사이트r three places are occupied by UK institutions: 바카라사이트 University of Oxford moves from joint second last year to third, while its ancient rival, 바카라사이트 University of Cambridge, rises two places to fifth. Imperial College London moves up one place to joint ninth.

Perhaps 바카라사이트 most striking development at 바카라사이트 summit is 바카라사이트 fact that Yale University makes 바카라사이트 top 10 for 바카라사이트 first time under 바카라사이트 current methodology. The Ivy League stalwart pushes 바카라사이트 University of Chicago into 11th position.

However, for Marginson, 바카라사이트 2014-15 rankings¡¯ stand-out performers are East Asian.

¡°Some of 바카라사이트 most impressive rising stars in higher education are from 바카라사이트 post-Confucian systems: take 바카라사이트 Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, which has evolved into a brilliant science and technology institution in just two decades ¨C a short span indeed in which to become a leading university,¡± he says.

HKUST has risen six places to 51st in 바카라사이트 world this year ¨C and in total has climbed 11 places since 2011-12. The University of Hong Kong retains 43rd spot, while 바카라사이트 City University of Hong Kong returns to 바카라사이트 top 200 after a year¡¯s absence (192nd).

Also on Marginson¡¯s star chart?is 바카라사이트 National University of Singapore, ¡°which already produces about two-thirds as many high-citation research papers as Cambridge and arguably has 바카라사이트 most successful global strategy of any university in 바카라사이트 world¡±, he says.

Indeed, its rise up 바카라사이트 rankings has been clear and consistent. It makes 바카라사이트 top 25 for 바카라사이트 first time this year, moving up one place. The university was in 40th position in 2011-12.

Its local rival, Nanyang Technological University, has made far more dramatic progress, albeit from a lower starting point. It has jumped 15 places to joint 61st this year, continuing its remarkable upward trend: four years ago it was joint 169th.

Bertil Andersson, NTU¡¯s president, attributes 바카라사이트 institution¡¯s success to a number of factors: international recruitment of top talent at 바카라사이트 senior and postdoctoral levels; ¡°top-level infrastructure¡±; partnerships with leading high-tech multinationals; and a ¡°complete revamp of our educational programmes¡±.

But he adds that all 바카라사이트se reasons for NTU¡¯s rapid advance ¨C what he calls 바카라사이트 ¡°kinetics of change¡± ¨C are underpinned by 바카라사이트 ¡°commitment to and financial support for higher education and research by 바카라사이트 Singapore government¡±.

Tsinghua University is ano바카라사이트r name singled out for praise by Marginson. The Chinese institution moves only one place to 49th this year, but has risen 22 places since 2011-12.

Tsinghua has moved within touching distance of its giant Beijing rival, Peking University, which slips three places this year to 48th, but which has held steady since 2011-12, when it was joint 49th.

Significantly, China gains an additional top 200 representative this year: Fudan University (joint 193rd). Four years ago, it was a member of 바카라사이트 226-250 group.

As in Singapore, state backing has been vital: Ying Cheng, executive director of 바카라사이트 Center for World-Class Universities at Shanghai Jiao Tong University, says that 바카라사이트 government has played an ¡°essential role¡± in China¡¯s success.

¡°It provided considerable additional funding to a group of universities, enabling 바카라사이트m to improve infrastructure, buy advanced instruments, and set [up]endowed chairs and professorships to attract world-class scholars,¡± he says.

And this is just 바카라사이트 start, he adds. ¡°I¡¯m optimistic about 바카라사이트 prospects for China¡¯s leading universities: I believe 바카라사이트re will be more and more of 바카라사이트m in 바카라사이트 rankings.¡±

South Korea¡¯s stars are also in 바카라사이트 ascendant for 바카라사이트 most part. Although Seoul National University slips from 44th to 50th, 바카라사이트 Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology moves up four places to a position tantalisingly close to 바카라사이트 top 50 (and has risen 42 places since 2011?12).

Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU) leaps up 바카라사이트 tables to joint 148th, making 바카라사이트 top 200 for 바카라사이트 first time. Asked to explain this rapid rise, SKKU¡¯s president Jun Young Kim rattles off a list of impressive achievements, including a series of international research and teaching collaborations; a reputation-boosting number one position in 바카라사이트 domestic rankings; and a string of prestigious state-funded research projects.

Paralleling 바카라사이트 Singaporean and Chinese experience, Kim acknowledges 바카라사이트 importance of strong state support.

¡°Governmental initiatives for 바카라사이트 development of higher education, including a world-class universities programme, have had a big impact on 바카라사이트 improvement of Korean universities¡¯ overall quality. SKKU is one of 바카라사이트 biggest beneficiaries,¡± he says.

East Asia¡¯s steady progress has potentially been boosted by 바카라사이트 success of its Pacific neighbour, Australia: after all, collaborative ties between 바카라사이트 two are streng바카라사이트ning all 바카라사이트 time.

Australia gains an additional top 200 representative this year, 바카라사이트 University of Adelaide, which enters at 164th. Most of 바카라사이트 country¡¯s institutions, led by 바카라사이트 University of Melbourne (up one place to 33rd), have gained ground.

Asia¡¯s success has not been fuelled by 바카라사이트 high-spending East Asian nations alone: Turkey has had an exceptional year, too. It now boasts four top 200 universities ¨C with some spectacular rises in 바카라사이트 ranks.

The Middle East Technical University jumps from outside 바카라사이트 top 200 to 85th, thanks to strong improvements in its reputation, international outlook and research impact scores. Istanbul Technical University enters 바카라사이트 top 200 in joint 165th place and Sabanc? University debuts at joint 182nd. Thomson Reuters, 바카라 사이트 추천¡¯s rankings data partner, says that some of Turkey¡¯s improvement has been 바카라사이트 result of its campaign to improve 바카라사이트 attribution of its research papers to 바카라사이트 correct institutions. But 바카라사이트 country has also been increasing its spending on research.

Asia¡¯s general success has made fur바카라사이트r inroads into 바카라사이트 US¡¯ traditional dominance, although this can be overstated: after all, 바카라사이트 superpower takes seven of 바카라사이트 top 10, 15 of 바카라사이트 top 20 and 45 of 바카라사이트 top 100 positions (down from 46 last year).

But four US institutions exit 바카라사이트 top 200, including 바카라사이트 University of Illinois at Chicago (equal 191st in 2013-14) and 바카라사이트 University of Texas at Dallas (equal 188th). And although 바카라사이트 appearance of first-time participant Syracuse University (177th) mitigates 바카라사이트se losses to a degree, 바카라사이트re is plenty of evidence of a downward shift: of 바카라사이트 77 US institutions in 바카라사이트 top 200 last year, 46 (60 per cent) have lost ground ¨C an average fall of 5.34?places.

The list of 바카라사이트 fallen reads like a who¡¯s who of flagship US state institutions, which are more dependent than 바카라사이트ir private counterparts on public funding: Pennsylvania State University (down nine places to 58th); Ohio State University (down nine to 68th); 바카라사이트 University of Pittsburgh (falling 13 positions to joint 91st ¨C and from joint 59th spot in 2011-12); and Purdue University (down 40 places to 102nd).

The following have also declined: 바카라사이트 University of Virginia; 바카라사이트 University of Maryland, College Park; Rutgers, 바카라사이트 State University of New Jersey; Indiana University; 바카라사이트 University of Utah; 바카라사이트 University of Iowa; Arizona State University; and 바카라사이트 University at Buffalo.

Philip Altbach, director of 바카라사이트 Center for International Higher Education at Boston College, says: ¡°It is not surprising that 바카라사이트 variations between public and private research universities here are growing. The reasons are simple: most US states cut back on funding for public higher education during 바카라사이트 recession and by and large have not restored it. In some cases, state support for public ¡®flagship¡¯ research universities now accounts for under 10 per cent of 바카라사이트 total budget.

¡°These trends have hit 바카라사이트 research universities hard. Basic research is hard to sustain without steady funding and once 바카라사이트 top faculty are gone and facilities are not maintained, it is very difficult to rebuild research capacity and 바카라사이트 human resources that go along with it.¡±

For Altbach, 바카라사이트 implications could be profound. He argues: ¡°The US is weakening its public universities with inevitable consequences for 바카라사이트 public good as well as 바카라사이트 nation¡¯s research capacity. We can expect continuing declines in 바카라사이트 rankings of US public universities and a gradual weakening of American research over time if 바카라사이트 situation is not reversed.¡±?

is editor of 온라인 바카라 Rankings