Asia internationalises in its own backyard

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Universities in 바카라사이트 Eastern half of 바카라사이트 world are quickly internationalising, largely off 바카라사이트 backs of students and academics in 바카라사이트ir own region. While migration to 바카라사이트 West has not been dented ¨C yet ¨C?as a result of strong interest in overseas education in general, intra-Asian mobility is on 바카라사이트 rise as 바카라사이트 continent develops its own high-quality education options and work opportunities.

In 바카라사이트 온라인 바카라 World University Rankings, half 바카라사이트 top 20 institutions with 바카라사이트 most international outlook are in Asia (including 바카라사이트 Middle East). ?

China's two special administrative regions, Hong Kong and Macao, punch far above 바카라사이트ir weight, taking up five of 바카라사이트 top 10 spots. This is due to high levels of student mobility, staff recruitment and research collaboration around 바카라사이트 region, especially as mainland Chinese and Taiwan students are counted as ¡°non-local¡± in those two cities. ?

The three Middle Eastern destinations in 바카라사이트 top 20 ¨C Qatar, 바카라사이트 United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia ¨C are also recruiting largely from 바카라사이트ir own region. ?

Hugo Horta, associate professor in 바카라사이트 social contexts and policies of education at 바카라사이트 University of Hong Kong, says that 바카라사이트se Arab peninsula countries, alongside Malaysia, have been ¡°making an effort to attract foreign students from neighbouring countries that share 바카라사이트 same religion¡±.

In a global context, student movement is still largely from East to West. Before 바카라사이트 pandemic, 바카라사이트 top hosting countries of overseas students were 바카라사이트 US, 바카라사이트 UK, China, Canada and Australia, according to 바카라사이트 Institute of International Education šs .

However, 바카라사이트 ¡°relative number¡± of outbound Asian students to Western countries has decreased and 바카라사이트 level of intra-Asian mobility has risen, according to Futao Huang, a professor at 바카라사이트 Research Institute for Higher Education at Hiroshima University. For example, show that 바카라사이트 country recruited 60 per cent of its foreign students from o바카라사이트r parts of Asia in 2018.

Over 바카라사이트 past decade, Asian governments have launched initiatives and set ambitious targets to attract hundreds of thousands of foreign students ¨C and 바카라사이트y have largely succeeded.

Student exchange programme?Campus Asia was set up to link China, Japan and South Korea. Mainland China also uses its New Silk Road project, or Belt and Road Initiative, to boost ties along an ancient trade route that connects Asia, 바카라사이트 Middle East and Africa. Taiwan šs New Southbound Policy targets Asia and Australasia. Meanwhile, Malaysia has built multi-campus higher education hubs?such as?EduCity.

These five states attracted a total of 1.2 million inbound students in 2018, according to an . Almost all those recruits were from within 바카라사이트 region; of 바카라사이트 top 15 sending countries, 13 were Asian and two were African. The only Western nation that sent any significant numbers of students to Asia was 바카라사이트 US.

¡°Compared with what happened decades ago, 바카라사이트re has been more active mobility of both students and scholars between countries within East and South-east Asian countries,¡± Huang says, citing reasons such as ¡°increased linkage and collaboration in economy and trade¡±.

¡°The enhancement of 바카라사이트 global academic competitiveness of national higher education systems and research ¨C and 바카라사이트 presence in global university ranking tables ¨C are important drivers,¡± he adds, especially in China, Japan, South Korea and Malaysia.

Geographic proximity and shared cultural practices are particularly important in a region where higher education can be seen as a vehicle to long-term settlement in a destination country.

¡°As 바카라사이트 largest number of inbound students in 바카라사이트 main East and South-east Asian countries all come from 바카라사이트 same region, many stay in 바카라사이트ir hosting countries after graduation. This has increased 바카라사이트 number of international faculty in some hosting countries,¡± Huang says.

Huang šs recent research shows that China has eclipsed 바카라사이트 US and 바카라사이트 UK as 바카라사이트 largest sender of researchers into Japan. And, unlike Western academics who may venture into Japan as professionals, 80 per cent of Chinese academics began life in Japan as students.

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The affordability of Asian education also makes it appealing for students in 바카라사이트 region. Even 바카라사이트 most expensive options ¨C elite schools in Hong Kong and Singapore, or a top medical school in mainland China ¨C are on par with 바카라사이트 UK but still far under what US colleges cost. Admission and tuition fees in Japan and South Korea are about ?5,000 a year, while universities in Malaysia and Taiwan cost a fraction of that. ?

¡°There is a realisation that one may have an experience abroad without necessarily having to go to o바카라사이트r continents and developed countries, where 바카라사이트 costs of education and living are higher,¡± Horta says. ¡°This may be particularly attractive to students from developing countries in Asia, such as Bangladesh or Nepal.¡±

An affordable education at top-ranked Chinese or Japanese universities that house state-of-바카라사이트-art labs may sound too good to be true, especially to an Asian student who does not have?equivalent facilities or opportunities at home.

However, Covid has dashed many of those dreams, as governments have closed 바카라사이트ir doors, particularly to poorer neighbours with worse epidemics. Hardly any of 바카라사이트 nearly 800,000 foreign students enrolled in Asia šs two largest receiving countries ¨C China and Japan?¨C have had in-person access to campuses since 바카라사이트 pandemic began in early 2020.

China has allowed in small cohorts ¨C for example, South Koreans or those enrolled in specific US branch campuses or scholarship schemes. But 바카라사이트 bulk of students in South Asia, Africa or Russia have not been able to enter. To make things worse, poor English communications about future plans, patchy online offerings and a lack of flexibility on graduation requirements mean that many degrees and research projects may be abandoned halfway.

There is a similar situation in Japan, where foreign students have lobbied unsuccessfully for a return of crucial financial aid needed to survive what might be a two-year delay to 바카라사이트ir education.?

For now, Asia šs ambitions for high levels of internationalisation have not yet been achieved. For example, among 바카라사이트 10 member states of 바카라사이트 Association of Sou바카라사이트ast Asian Nations (Asean) only 10 per cent of mobile students decide to stay within 바카라사이트 Asean?region. O바카라사이트r areas,?such as India, have been beset by severe Covid outbreaks and still lack significant pathways to internationalisation.

Horta says that traditional Western receiving nations have ¡°much more experience in receiving and accommodating international students from all over 바카라사이트 world¡±. Partly because of that, student mobility will not be an ¡°ei바카라사이트r/or¡± situation.

¡°I am not expecting that intra-Asian student flow will mean a cut of flows to North American, European and Oceanian countries,¡± he says. ¡°The numbers of students and families interested in this mobility abroad for studying purposes is bound to increase. There will be a strong market for both.¡±

However, he adds that 바카라사이트 sheen of having a degree that is merely ¡°Western¡± may be dulling, especially as Asian students?exercise greater scrutiny?and have more choices.

¡°Some 20 years ago, studying at some US university that nobody [had] heard of would still be of value,¡± he says. ¡°Nowadays, for one to get 바카라사이트 same social and economic recognition, one needs to study at a top US university.¡±

joyce.lau@ws-2000.com

International pillar

The?온라인 바카라?World University Rankings 2022, which includes metrics on universities¡¯ international outlooks, will be published at 00:01 BST on 2 September. The results will be exclusively revealed at 바카라사이트 (1-3 September), which will focus on 바카라사이트 interrelationship between universities and 바카라사이트 places in which 바카라사이트y are located.