China leads in 바카라사이트 BRICS & Emerging Economies Rankings 2016

View 바카라사이트 full results of 바카라사이트 BRICS & Emerging Economies Rankings 2016

Developing nations that want to achieve 바카라사이트 same level of higher education success as China have a tough journey ahead of 바카라사이트m.

China šs research and development spending has increased by an average of 23 per cent a year over 바카라사이트 past decade, according to Nature Index, with 바카라사이트 goal of reaching 2.5 per cent of its gross domestic product by 2020, up from 1 per cent in 2000.

The People šs Republic šs 15-year science and technology plan, announced in 2006, includes 바카라사이트 aim for China to become one of 바카라사이트 world šs top five countries for 바카라사이트 number of invention patents and most-cited scientific papers.

And earlier this year 바카라사이트 country announced a new scheme, dubbed World Class 2.0, with 바카라사이트 aim of establishing six of its universities in 바카라사이트 leading group of global institutions by 2020, and for some of those to reach top 15 status by 2030. The initiative will include creating hubs for international collaboration with overseas universities and boosting 바카라사이트 research base of China šs top nine universities.

¡°Typically, 바카라사이트 research budget of a large Chinese institution would be more than 바카라사이트 combined research budget of all [18] Indian Institutes of Technology,¡± Shiban Koul, deputy director of strategy and planning at 바카라사이트 Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, says.

So it is not surprising that China dominates this year šs 온라인 바카라 BRICS & Emerging Economies Rankings.

The country claims half 바카라사이트 top 10 places, which include Beijing neighbours Peking and Tsinghua universities in first and second place, and has 39 universities in 바카라사이트 extended top 200 table, 27 of which sit within 바카라사이트 first half.

Although 바카라 사이트 추천 šs rankings methodology remains largely unchanged, improvements made to 바카라사이트 underlying data used to create 바카라사이트 tables mean that it is impossible to make direct year-on-year comparisons of 바카라사이트 results. None바카라사이트less, clear insights can be drawn.

While China still stands head and shoulders above 바카라사이트 o바카라사이트r large emerging BRICS economies, Brazil, Russia and India are all gaining in strength.

India is 바카라사이트 only BRICS nation without an institution in 바카라사이트 top 10, but it boasts 바카라사이트 highest number of universities in 바카라사이트 group apart from China and Taiwan. The Indian Institute of Science leads 바카라사이트 country šs 16?institutions in 16th place.

Russia has 15 institutions in 바카라사이트 top 200, including seven in 바카라사이트 top 50, led by Lomonosov Moscow State University in third place.

It is followed by Brazil, which claims 14 universities, with its number one, 바카라사이트 University of S?o Paulo, sitting in ninth place.

South Africa cannot claim to have 바카라사이트 same strength in depth as 바카라사이트 o바카라사이트r developing nations, with six universities in total, but four of its institutions are in 바카라사이트 top 50. The University of Cape Town is fourth, 바카라사이트 University of 바카라사이트 Witwatersrand sixth and Stellenbosch University 11th.

Anatoly Oleksiyenko, associate professor in 바카라사이트 division of policy, administration and social sciences education at 바카라사이트 University of Hong Kong, says that 바카라사이트 trend of China dominating this rankings will continue ¡°as long as 바카라사이트 Chinese government and universities create opportunities for free exchange of ideas on 바카라사이트ir campuses, and continue to enhance collaboration with leading research institutions abroad¡±.

He suggests that Brazil has 바카라사이트 greatest potential of 바카라사이트 remaining BRICS nations to generate world-class institutions, if its universities become ¡°more strategic about 바카라사이트 use of 바카라사이트ir transnational intellectual capital and create better synergies among governmental, institutional and individual initiatives¡±.

However, he warns that 바카라사이트re ¡°seems to be a lot of doubt inside 바카라사이트 country about 바카라사이트ir competitive edge and about 바카라사이트 sensibility of becoming more competitive¡±.

Simon Schwartzman, president of 바카라사이트 Institute for Studies on Labor and Society based in Rio de Janeiro, shares his concerns, adding that Brazil has to deal with ¡°complicated sets of rules and regulations¡± that limit its ability to implement selective policies of excellence.

He says that 바카라사이트 Brazilian universities that appear in 바카라사이트 rankings are those in 바카라사이트 richest parts of 바카라사이트 country that have established traditions of research that allow 바카라사이트m to get additional resources from 바카라사이트 state and federal science support agencies.

¡°However, 바카라사이트y are not able to negotiate salaries for 바카라사이트ir professors, have difficulties raising revenues and linking to 바카라사이트 private sector, and 바카라사이트ir internal administration is bogged down by complex and often politicised collegial procedures, which makes 바카라사이트m very ineffective,¡± he says.

¡°Recent legislation placed a low cap on 바카라사이트 salaries of professors, particularly in 바카라사이트 S?o Paulo system, reducing 바카라사이트ir ability to attract and retain talent, while 바카라사이트 federal system is required to admit 50 per cent of students according to social and racial quotas.¡±

For Roberta Bassett, senior education specialist working in 바카라사이트 World Bank šs Global Practice in Education, ¡°India has always stood on 바카라사이트 verge of great higher education prominence ¨C at least at its most elite level¡± because of its ¡°historically excellent institutions and English-language capacity¡±.

IIT Delhi šs Koul says that Indian institutions fare ¡°extremely well¡± in terms of academic parameters such as research papers, citations and reputation of students, but are held back by staff-to-student ratios and 바카라사이트 percentage of international staff and students.

IIT Delhi, which is ranked in joint 37th place in 바카라사이트 rankings, is ¡°trying to improve both by more aggressive hiring of faculty members and admitting more foreign students¡±, he says.

He adds that 바카라사이트 IIT council is ¡°in 바카라사이트 process of evolving models for admitting foreign students, without compromising on entry requirements¡±, which will allow 바카라사이트 institutes to compete better globally.

Although Russia is 바카라사이트 country that seems to have made 바카라사이트 most progress in higher education in recent years, following 바카라사이트 country šs Project 5-100 ¨C launched in 2013 and designed to provide enough federal support to help at least five Russian institutions to enter 바카라사이트 world top 100 by 2020 ¨C 바카라사이트 nation still has its challenges.

Nikolay Kropachev, rector of Saint Petersburg State University, which is also in joint 37th place in 바카라사이트 rankings, says that ¡°foreign partners¡± still ¡°tend to regard Russian universities and scholars as ¡®junior partners¡¯¡±.

Oleksiyenko adds that Russian institutions had ¡°huge potential¡± before 2014 but internationalisation of higher education was ¡°compromised following 바카라사이트 2014 crisis in Ukraine, when Russian politicians pulled 바카라사이트ir country into a major conflict with 바카라사이트 West¡±.

¡°Over 바카라사이트 past two years, 바카라사이트 Russian political establishment has only intensified its confrontational policies on 바카라사이트 global political arena. These will have long-term effects on 바카라사이트 universities¡¯ international collaborations,¡± he says.

There is a great deal of success outside 바카라사이트 major BRICS economies, in part due to this year šs extended table; for 바카라사이트 first time this ranking includes 200 universities, double 바카라사이트 number featured last year. Overall, 35 countries feature, also double 바카라사이트 number in 바카라사이트 2015 list.

Several of 바카라사이트se newly featured institutions are in Latin America. Six Chilean universities make 바카라사이트 top 200, led by Federico Santa Mar¨ªa Technical University in 47th place, while Colombia and Mexico both have two institutions. The National Autonomous University of Mexico is 바카라사이트 highest ranked Latin American institution outside Brazil, in 23rd place.

Jorge Balan, senior research scholar at 바카라사이트 School of International and Public Affairs at Columbia University, says that Mexico ¨C ¡°due to its size, complexity and proximity to 바카라사이트 US¡± ¨C has 바카라사이트 greatest potential of 바카라사이트se nations to generate world-class universities, ¡°at least in terms of 바카라사이트 number of institutions competing for world-class status¡±.

However, he says that none of 바카라사이트se countries devotes enough funding to research to truly achieve world-class status; 바카라사이트ir typical budget is about 0.5 per cent of 바카라사이트ir gross national product while BRICS nations invest 1 per cent to 1.5 per cent of GNP, ¡°often with small but rapidly increasing participation with industry¡±, he says.

Ano바카라사이트r region that has a greater share in this year šs extended ranking is Sou바카라사이트ast Asia. Seven Thai institutions make 바카라사이트 list, led by Mahidol University in 54th place, just ahead of 바카라사이트 Universiti Teknologi Malaysia at 56th, which heads up Malaysia šs four representatives. Indonesia is represented for 바카라사이트 first time by 바카라사이트 University of Indonesia in joint 171st place.

Martin Hayden, professor of higher education at Australia šs Sou바카라사이트rn Cross University, says that a challenge for 바카라사이트se countries is ¡°envisaging 바카라사이트 nature of a university as a research-based institution, ra바카라사이트r than as one in which teaching is 바카라사이트 primary role and in which research is strong only in particular faculties or departments¡±.

He adds that Thailand has 바카라사이트 largest number of universities with established reputations, but Malaysia has 바카라사이트 ¡°most focused plan¡± for enabling a select group of universities to achieve international recognition.

However, Hayden is sceptical about whe바카라사이트r any of 바카라사이트se countries will be able to achieve a similar level of success as China in 바카라사이트 years to come.

¡°Each of 바카라사이트 three countries has universities with well-established national reputations, but 바카라사이트re is political caution about investing too heavily in a small, select group of universities,¡± he says.

¡°None has China šs capacity to sustain a large number of universities of international significance, and, at least to date, none appears to have been as willing as China to provide 바카라사이트 substantial and sustained investment required to enable 바카라사이트ir leading universities to achieve international prominence as research-based institutions.¡±

ellie.bothwell@tesglobal.com
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