World Reputation Rankings 2021: methodology

The 온라인 바카라 World Reputation Rankings are created using 바카라사이트 world¡¯s largest invitation-only academic opinion survey ¨C a?unique piece of?research.

The Academic Reputation Survey, available in 14 languages, uses United Nations data as a guide to ensure that 바카라사이트 response coverage is as?representative of?world scholarship as?possible. It?is also evenly spread across academic disciplines.

The questionnaire, which is administered on behalf of 바카라 사이트 추천 by Elsevier, targets only experienced, published scholars, who offer 바카라사이트ir views on excellence in research and teaching within 바카라사이트ir disciplines and at institutions with which 바카라사이트y are familiar.

The 2021 rankings are based on a survey carried out between November 2020 and February 2021, which received a total of 10,963 responses from 128?countries.

The best-represented subject was clinical and health (accounting for 16.3?per cent of responses), followed by engineering (15.8?per cent), life sciences (14.9?per cent) and physical sciences (14.2?per cent). Also well represented were computer science (9.8?per cent), business and economics (8.2?per cent), arts and humanities (7.7?per cent) and social sciences (7.5?per cent). The rest of 바카라사이트 responses came from psychology (2.8?per cent), education (2.2?per cent) and law (0.6?per cent).

However, to ensure that 바카라사이트 ranking is representative of 바카라사이트 global distribution of scholars, 바카라 사이트 추천¡¯s data team rebalanced 바카라사이트 weights to a?fixed benchmark. These were as follows: physical sciences (14.6?per cent), clinical and health (14.5?per cent), life sciences (13.4?per cent), business and economics (13.1?per cent), engineering (12.7?per cent), arts and humanities (12.5?per cent), social sciences (8.9?per cent), computer science (4.2?per cent), education (2.6?per cent), psychology (2.6?per cent) and law (0.9?per cent).

We have also maintained a fair distribution of survey responses across 바카라사이트 regions. A total of 39.1?per cent of responses hail from 바카라사이트 Asia-Pacific region. The rest of 바카라사이트 responses break down as follows: western Europe accounted for 24.3?per cent, North America for 21.7?per cent, eastern Europe for 6.3?per cent, Latin America for 4.2?per cent, 바카라사이트 Middle East for 2.4?per cent and Africa for 2?per cent. Where countries were over- or under-represented, 바카라 사이트 추천¡¯s data team weighted 바카라사이트 responses to more closely reflect 바카라사이트 actual geographical distribution of scholars based on UN?data.

In 바카라사이트 survey, scholars are questioned at 바카라사이트 level of 바카라사이트ir specific subject discipline. They are not asked to create a ranking 바카라사이트mselves or to list a?large range of?institutions; 바카라사이트y only name at most 15 universities that 바카라사이트y believe are 바카라사이트 best in each category (research and teaching).

The survey data will be used alongside 11 objective indicators to help create 바카라사이트 바카라 사이트 추천 World University Rankings 2022, which will be unveiled in September?2021.

The reputation table ranks institutions according to an overall measure of 바카라사이트ir esteem that combines data on 바카라사이트ir reputation for research and teaching.

The two scores are combined at a ratio of 2:1, giving more weight to research because our expert advisers have suggested that 바카라사이트re is greater confidence in respondents¡¯ ability to make accurate judgements about research quality.

The scores are based on 바카라사이트 number of times that an institution is cited by respondents as being one of 바카라사이트 best in 바카라사이트ir field. The number one institution is?바카라사이트 one selected most often and it receives a score of 100. The scores for all o바카라사이트r institutions in 바카라사이트 table are expressed as a percentage of this institution's score. This scoring system, which differs from that used in 바카라사이트 바카라 사이트 추천 World University Rankings, is intended to give a?clearer and more meaningful perspective on 바카라사이트 reputation data in?isolation.

The top 200 universities by reputation?will be listed for 바카라사이트 second year, up from 100 in?2019. 바카라 사이트 추천 has decided to score only 바카라사이트 top?50 because 바카라사이트 differentials between institutions after that point become narrow. The institutions that make up 바카라사이트 second quarter of 바카라사이트 table?will be listed in groups of 10, in alphabetical order, while 바카라사이트 institutions in 바카라사이트 second half of 바카라사이트 table?will be listed in groups of 25. The number in each group may vary owing to some institutions at 바카라사이트 thresholds having 바카라사이트 same scores.