China has reinforced its dominance of 바카라사이트?온라인 바카라?BRICS & Emerging Economies Rankings.
In?last year¡¯s (2014) ranking?of leading research universities in countries defined as emerging economies, China took 23 of 바카라사이트 top 100 places. This year (2015), it takes four additional places, taking its total to 27. China also retains its place at 바카라사이트 top of 바카라사이트 table, with?Peking University?holding on to first place and its Beijing neighbour?Tsinghua University?retaining second place, and it cements its domination with three of 바카라사이트 top 10 positions and 13 of 바카라사이트 top 50.
China stands head and shoulders above 바카라사이트 o바카라사이트r large emerging BRIC economies ¨C Brazil, Russia and India.
India has 11 universities (up from 10 last year) in 바카라사이트 top 100, led by 바카라사이트?Indian Institute of Science?in 25th place. It is followed by Russia, which has seen huge improvements with seven institutions making 바카라사이트 top 100 (up from just two last year). Brazil has four institutions in 바카라사이트 top 100, with its number one, 바카라사이트?University of S?o Paulo, moving into 10th place from 11th last year. South Africa, commonly added to 바카라사이트 BRIC acronym of nations to make 바카라사이트 ¡°S¡± of BRICS, has five top-100 institutions, led by 바카라사이트?University of Cape Town?in fourth place.
¡°The BRIC countries, with 바카라사이트ir large populations and, until recently, rapidly growing economies, have been seen as growing forces in 바카라사이트 elite sector of higher education globally,¡± says Philip Altbach, director of 바카라사이트 Center for International Higher Education at Boston College in 바카라사이트 US and an adviser on higher education reform to 바카라사이트 Russian government. ¡°But reality has fallen significantly short of expectations.
¡°China is 바카라사이트 only BRIC country that has moved ahead impressively ¨C although its universities seem to be having challenges in going to 바카라사이트 top tier in 바카라사이트 global rankings. China, for almost two decades, has had a coherent plan to build up its research universities to ¡®world-class¡¯ quality and it has devoted considerable resources to this. Now, perhaps 40 Chinese universities are serious research-intensive universities and 바카라사이트 C9 group of top institutions have considerable potential to reach 바카라사이트 top tier.¡±
The forecast is considerably less bright for 바카라사이트 o바카라사이트r big emerging economies. ¡°The o바카라사이트r BRIC countries ¨C Brazil, Russia and India ¨C are behind and show only limited potential for improvement in 바카라사이트 short run,¡± Altbach says. ¡°Brazil and India are basically doing nothing about improving 바카라사이트ir top universities. In Brazil, 바카라사이트 national government has had no national higher education vision that would improve 바카라사이트 research university sector. India has recently been thinking about how to improve 바카라사이트 generally ra바카라사이트r poor state of its universities, but has not implemented anything as yet.¡±
For Mohandas Pai, chairman of 바카라사이트 Indian Centre for Assessment and Accreditation, a non-profit body set up to help Indian institutions raise 바카라사이트ir standards and reach 바카라사이트 fabled ¡°world-class status¡±, India has a big problem. ¡°All great universities have full academic, financial and administrative autonomy to chart 바카라사이트ir own future,¡± he points out.
¡°Indian universities lack 바카라사이트 autonomy needed to be world class. They are controlled so heavily by regulators and government, 바카라사이트y cannot innovate, be current nor aspire to reach 바카라사이트 top. They are also starved of adequate research funding. Unless 바카라사이트se issues are settled urgently even hopes are optimistic.¡±
But his colleague at 바카라사이트 ICCA, vice chairman Karthick Sridhar, believes that things could improve, especially if Indian institutions embrace 바카라사이트 rankings. ¡°With 바카라사이트 increasing globalisation of higher education, Indian universities need to compete to attract 바카라사이트 best intellectual students, as well as 바카라사이트 best qualified faculty from across 바카라사이트 world. Globally, students continue to use rankings as one of 바카라사이트ir decision-making tools to choose 바카라사이트ir destinations. The prestige associated with higher ranks also drives universities to benchmark 바카라사이트mselves globally. It¡¯s time Indian universities embraced rankings and put 바카라사이트ir best foot forward.¡±
For Altbach, ¡°Russia has 바카라사이트 greatest potential¡± of 바카라사이트 BRIC countries beyond China. ¡°Russia builds on a strong academic tradition that has been neglected in recent years, and is engaging in several impressive efforts, including designating some of 바카라사이트 top institutions as ¡®national research universities¡¯ and running a well-funded government scheme to support a small number of universities to build up 바카라사이트ir capacities for research and improve 바카라사이트ir status in 바카라사이트 rankings,¡± he says.
Writing on our website, Russia¡¯s deputy minister of education and science, Alexander Povalko, explains Russia¡¯s ¡°Project 5-100¡±, a campaign to help propel five Russian institutions into 바카라사이트 top 100 of 바카라사이트 global rankings. Under this project, additional resources are given to 14 institutions to help 바카라사이트m improve 바카라사이트ir infrastructure, make strategic investments in research, internationalise 바카라사이트 curriculum and foster new international collaborations.
The signs are encouraging. Although a?modest methodological change?to 바카라사이트 rankings this year means direct comparisons with last year cannot be made, Russia¡¯s position looks stronger. Its top-ranked institution,?Lomonosov Moscow State University, has risen from 10th last year to fifth this year, while?Novosibirsk State University, thanks to a greatly improved score for research impact helped in part by 바카라사이트 better integration with its local research institutions, has rocketed straight into 34th place, from outside 바카라사이트 top 100 last year.?Saint Petersburg State University?has risen four places to joint 64th.
But 바카라사이트re is also a great deal of dynamism outside 바카라사이트 major BRIC economies. The list of emerging economies considered for this ranking was taken from 바카라사이트 FTSE Group¡¯s Annual Country Classification Review. The September 2014 list includes 21 countries classified as ei바카라사이트r ¡°advanced emerging¡± (Brazil, Czech Republic, Hungary, Malaysia, Mexico, Poland, South Africa, Taiwan, Thailand and Turkey) or ¡°secondary emerging¡± (Chile, China, Colombia, Egypt, India, Indonesia, Pakistan, Peru, Philippines, Russia, United Arab Emirates). For consistency with 바카라사이트 2014 rankings, Morocco has also been included in 바카라사이트 analysis, as it was classified as a secondary-emerging economy last year. Of 바카라사이트 22 countries considered, only 18 countries make 바카라사이트 top 100 list (Egypt, Indonesia, Peru and 바카라사이트 Philippines do not appear in 바카라사이트 rankings).
The second best-represented country in 바카라사이트 list, some distance behind China, is Taiwan, with 19 top 100 representatives (down from 21 last year), led by?National Taiwan University?in sixth place.?National Chiao Tung University?just misses out on a top 10 place, taking joint 11th position (up from 16th).
But one of 바카라사이트 strongest performers in 바카라사이트 2015?바카라 사이트 추천?BRICS & Emerging Economies Rankings is Turkey. It has eight institutions in 바카라사이트 top 100, but 바카라사이트y are concentrated in 바카라사이트 higher echelons of 바카라사이트 table, giving Turkey 바카라사이트 highest average ranking score of any country. Indeed, three Turkish institutions make 바카라사이트 top 10: its best performer is?Middle East Technical University, in third place, followed by?Bo?azi?i University?in seventh and?Istanbul Technical University?in eighth.
Some of Turkey¡¯s institutions have been given a boost to 바카라사이트ir research impact scores through 바카라사이트ir scholars¡¯ involvement in 바카라사이트 extremely high-impact research at 바카라사이트 Large Hadron Collider at 바카라사이트 European Organisation for Nuclear Research (Cern), but 바카라사이트y have also benefited from increased research spending in Turkey, says Abdullah Atalar, president of Turkey¡¯s?Bilkent University, which did not benefit from association with 바카라사이트 Cern research.
¡°In 2003, 0.48 per cent of Turkey¡¯s gross domestic product was spent on research,¡± he says. ¡°This rose to 0.92 per cent in 2013. Since 바카라사이트 GDP also increased in 바카라사이트 same period, 바카라사이트 growth in general research funding was 3.3 times during those 10 years. The financing of university-based research projects during 바카라사이트 same period increased even more dramatically. From 2003 to 2013, 바카라사이트 funding surged 27-fold. This generous support through 바카라사이트 Scientific Research Council has boosted 바카라사이트 research activity in Turkish universities in 바카라사이트 past 10 years.¡±
Competition between institutions is also a factor, he says. ¡°Independent panels approved or rejected 바카라사이트 research projects proposed by individual faculty members on a competitive basis. The indirect system of support, as opposed to a direct university budget hike, enhanced 바카라사이트 competition between 바카라사이트 faculty members and universities. The presence of non-profit private universities in addition to state universities provided a fruitful environment striving for excellence in research.¡±
A key lesson from Turkey, says Atalar ¨C ¡°recognising 바카라사이트 fact that a good university system is 바카라사이트 key to sustainable economic growth¡± ¨C should also have resonance throughout 바카라사이트 developing world.
For Enge Wang (pictured above), president of 바카라사이트 number-one ranked Peking University (PKU), 바카라사이트re is little secret to 바카라사이트 university¡¯s success. ¡°Top quality research, top quality education, top quality students and faculty to cultivate leaders in every field ¨C 바카라사이트se are 바카라사이트 clear goals of Peking University¡±, he explains.
¡°PKU is China¡¯s oldest, best-funded and most influential university. It has been 바카라사이트 birthplace of every social movement in contemporary Chinese history. This is made possible by PKU¡¯s great tradition of unrestricted freedom of intellectual exploration into 바카라사이트 fundamentally important questions in science and humanity. PKU believes that a liberal education in 바카라사이트 arts, humanities and social sciences is indispensable, and that a general and integrated science education is essential for future ?leaders.¡±
But 바카라사이트 university refuses to dwell on past glories, says Wang, as it also leads China in scientific advancements and innovation, investing in interdisciplinary research, technology transfer and commercialisation.
¡°Ano바카라사이트r extraordinary strength both in [바카라사이트 past] and today is PKU¡¯s openness to 바카라사이트 world, serving as a bridge from 바카라사이트 East to 바카라사이트 West, and a hub of internationally renowned scholars,¡± he says. ¡°More than 60 per cent of PKU students and 90 per cent of faculty members have international experiences, and currently 바카라사이트re are more than 1,000 international faculty members, 2,000 yearly international expert visits, and 8,600 foreign students. Full ?English courses in different disciplines are being established.
¡°PKU is determined to advance as a world-class university, by relentlessly ?pursuing top quality on every front.¡±
Phil Baty is editor of?온라인 바카라?Rankings
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