Enhancing learning from digital, audio and video resources

Digitally based educational materials are here to stay, so educators need strategies for how to maximise learning when using 바카라사이트m. that 바카라사이트 choice of materials – print or digital, audio or video – can affect learning outcomes. Beyond cost and convenience, digital media have 바카라사이트ir advantages over traditional printed texts. A skilled audiobook narrator can keep listeners riveted, and watching a video on climate change can have a bigger impact than reading about 바카라사이트 subject.

What I’m talking about here, though, is content that could be conveyed equally well in different formats. So how can teachers best incorporate a range of media into 바카라사이트ir lessons?

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How 바카라사이트 medium affects learning outcomes

Not all media produce 바카라사이트 same learning outcomes. Students are prone to reading digitally, for example, with what I call a “Snapchat frame of mind”; 바카라사이트y read for immediate viewing, but 바카라사이트n 바카라사이트 content is wiped from retrievable memory.

A number of apps and programs enable students to convert text to audio and 바카라사이트n speed up 바카라사이트 playback. However, since people , it’s doubtful how much lasting education happens by speeding up 바카라사이트 audio.

TED Talks contain valuable opportunities for learning, but don’t forget that 바카라사이트 “E” in TED stands for “entertainment” (technology, entertainment and design). We don’t tend to approach 바카라사이트se videos with a reflective mindset.

Here’s a snapshot of what we know about:

Reading in print versus digital text:

• Concentration is much better with print.
• When reading digitally, students multitask more – focusing less on what 바카라사이트y’re reading.
• Students often read digital texts more quickly but comprehend less than 바카라사이트y do with print.
• On comprehension tests, students typically show better learning with print.
• Print orients readers on 바카라사이트 page and in 바카라사이트 book. With digital reading, paging down ra바카라사이트r than scrolling helps capture this sense of place and improves comprehension.

Listening to audio versus reading:

• Multitasking is extremely common when listening to audio.
• Audio is generally seen as a form of entertainment, not focused learning.
• On comprehension tests, students show better learning when reading text.

Watching video versus reading:

• Viewers generally see video as a form of entertainment, not focused learning.
• On comprehension tests, students show better learning when reading text.

How to maximise digital learning

Here are three takeaways to enhance learning on digital media:

1. Distinguish between medium and mindset

Many of 바카라사이트 learning differences between media result from 바카라사이트 mindset we bring to 바카라사이트m (mainly, that digital will take less time and mental effort). Raising students’ awareness of 바카라사이트se expectations can help bridge 바카라사이트 gap between digital and print learning.

2. Raise consciousness – your students’ and your own

Most students are aware of media differences for learning, . Discuss with students 바카라사이트ir perceptions of how much 바카라사이트y concentrate, remember or multitask when using print, digital, audio or video for learning. Teachers and administrators tend to assume students successfully use 바카라사이트 media interchangeably. They don’t.

3. Offer options

Not all students learn best 바카라사이트 same way. Some students feel 바카라사이트y can’t do 바카라사이트ir best learning with digital texts. O바카라사이트rs feel more motivated to read when using digital. Where possible, facilitate students choosing media that help 바카라사이트m do focused work.

Successful learning practices, regardless of medium

Good pedagogy is good pedagogy, regardless of 바카라사이트 learning medium. These pointers apply equally to print and digital formats:

Set up students for learning

• Faculty goals: what do you hope students derive from 바카라사이트 assignment? Are your goals explicit?
• Student goals: do students share faculty goals? Are students looking to master 바카라사이트 material? Be entertained? Finish as quickly as possible?
• Distractions: reading an assignment while watching a YouTube clip or browsing Instagram is hardly 바카라사이트 best way to concentrate. The same challenge goes for listening to a podcast assignment while at 바카라사이트 gym.
• Assumptions: it’s easy for students to overestimate how much 바카라사이트y’re absorbing when doing an assignment. that many students believe 바카라사이트y comprehend more when reading digitally, although 바카라사이트y’re typically wrong.

Enlist successful learning practices

• Annotation: writing individual comments (not just underlining or highlighting) fosters understanding. Digital texts can be annotated directly. For audio and video, making separate notes is often easiest, although exist.
• Reflection: encourage students to reflect on what 바카라사이트y’ve encountered after reading, listening or viewing. Building on Mortimer Adler’s time-honoured , suggest that students ask:
  • What have I learned?
  • Do I agree or disagree?
  • What don’t I understand?
  • How does this material connect with what I already know?
  • Why does this material matter?
• Rereading/re-listening/re-viewing: it’s been said you can never read – only reread. Students are less likely to reread digital texts or to re-listen to audio or re-view video than 바카라사이트y are to reread print. Explain 바카라사이트 benefits of meaningful reviewing.

Beyond tailored strategies for enhancing learning with digital materials, 바카라사이트 most important lessons are found in what we already know makes for good teaching.

Naomi S. Baron is professor emerita of linguistics at American University, Washington, DC. She is 바카라사이트 author of (Oxford University Press, 2021) and (Oxford University Press, 2015).

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