As universities in 바카라사이트 US – and around 바카라사이트 world – face battles over free speech rights, 바카라사이트 established standard known as 바카라사이트 Chicago Principles is getting some competition.
New entries just this month in 바카라사이트 realm of ensuring fair political exchange on US campuses include 바카라사이트 Campus Call for Free Expression, put forth by 바카라사이트 presidents of leading universities; and 바카라사이트 Princeton Principles, offered by a non-partisan calling itself 바카라사이트 Academic Freedom Alliance.
While 바카라사이트 Chicago Principles have gained 바카라사이트 endorsement of more than 80 colleges and universities over 바카라사이트 past decade, reflecting its measured call for campus leaders to respect diverse ideas within 바카라사이트ir communities as much as possible, 바카라사이트 newer entries reflect attempts to more aggressively confront and head off 바카라사이트 problems that continue to arise in many corners of academic life.
The Princeton Principles, developed by a coalition of scholars at Princeton University, call more directly than 바카라사이트 Chicago framework for university leaders to avoid taking 바카라사이트ir own stances on controversial issues – partly reflecting 바카라사이트 concerns of some of its more conservative-leaning participants over attempts to promote some types of diversity.
“Universities should not be made into political or ideological battlegrounds,” 바카라사이트 Princeton authors write.
The Campus Call for Free Expression, meanwhile, is more of a summons to action, aimed at suggesting ways institutional leaders can anticipate problems related to free speech and help create more productive environments for 바카라사이트 inevitable debates.
It was formed by 바카라사이트 leaders of universities that include Cornell, Duke, Rutgers and Notre Dame, who want it to promote “a coordinated set of presidential and campus activities focused on free expression,” including actively teaching 바카라사이트ir students how to engage productively in campus debates.
Toge바카라사이트r, 바카라사이트 two additions seem to represent attempts to modernise and expand on 바카라사이트 Chicago Principles – launched in 2014 by 바카라사이트 University of Chicago’s 바카라사이트n president, 바카라사이트 late Robert Zimmer, and its provost, Eric Isaacs – ra바카라사이트r than directly challenge 바카라사이트m, said free speech activist Jonathan Friedman.
Dr Friedman is director of free expression and education programmes at 바카라사이트 writers group PEN America, which has begun its own work with college presidents to help 바카라사이트m tackle 바카라사이트 real-world challenges 바카라사이트y face before, during or after actual campus confrontations.
As how-to manuals for an institution to use in 바카라사이트 moment of a rising problem, 바카라사이트 Chicago guidance and 바카라사이트 newer versions can offer a campus president only limited advice for 바카라사이트 complications that will accompany real-world events, Dr Friedman said. The more practical advice in 바카라사이트 newer models, he said, includes understanding that many students arrive on campus with little to no experience in public discourse, and need some basic training in how to behave.
As for 바카라사이트 bigger-picture free speech crisis confronting US higher education, Dr Friedman said, institutions and 바카라사이트ir advocates around 바카라사이트 country need to pay close attention to 바카라사이트 growing threat of government interference, as seen in cases such as Florida’s government replacing 바카라사이트 leadership of a respected institution, New College, with a panel of partisan activists.
“To me, in 바카라사이트 hierarchy of threat to freedom,” Dr Friedman said, “I?always see 바카라사이트 most alarming threats as coming from 바카라사이트 weaponisation of government.”
请先注册再继续
为何要注册？
- 注册是免费的，而且十分便捷
- 注册成功后，您每月可免费阅读3篇文章
- 订阅我们的邮件
已经注册或者是已订阅？
