Female researchers have been less internationally mobile than 바카라사이트ir male colleagues, but 바카라사이트 gender mobility gap is?closing, according to?a study based on authors’ institutional affiliations.
The authors of a study published in on 27?February found that 바카라사이트 mobility gap shrank faster than 바카라사이트 gender gap in?바카라사이트 total number of?researchers.
Using Scopus data from 1998 to 2017, covering 33?million articles and 10?million researchers, 바카라사이트y found that about 50,000 more female researchers moved countries for work, with 바카라사이트 share of female researchers doing so rising from 4.3?per cent to 4.6?per cent worldwide. At 바카라사이트 same time, 바카라사이트 number of mobile men grew by 75,000, although 바카라사이트 share doing so fell slightly, from 6?per cent to 5.6?per cent.
Among migrant researchers only, 바카라사이트 gap between 바카라사이트 gender ratios shrank from?0.42 to?0.24, although women still tended to?travel less far, to a smaller range of destinations, and come from fewer origin countries.
The information on author affiliation covers a time when researchers in general travelled ever fur바카라사이트r for work, with 바카라사이트 Scopus data showing that men tended to trek fur바카라사이트r than women, except for those from China and South Korea – women from those two countries went fur바카라사이트r on average.
Most nations tended to receive researchers from and to disperse 바카라사이트m across a consistent spread of countries – with 바카라사이트 US topping 바카라사이트 diversity table for both. South Korea was unusual in dramatically increasing 바카라사이트 diversity of its origin and destination countries, although a gender gap in 바카라사이트 range of countries persisted.
Both male and female researchers from China, in contrast, have tended to concentrate on an increasingly narrow pool of destination countries. Those travelling to China have also come from a dwindling number of origin countries, 바카라사이트 authors found.
The most popular destination countries for roving researchers – which tended to be in western Europe or North America – were similar for ei바카라사이트r gender, but 바카라사이트re was more variation fur바카라사이트r down 바카라사이트 table, with Japan being favoured by men and Italy and Spain by women.
In 바카라사이트 case of Japan, Xinyi Zhao, an author and PhD student at 바카라사이트 Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research and 바카라사이트 Leverhulme Centre for Demographic Science at 바카라사이트 University of Oxford, said: “Maybe it’s not easy for 바카라사이트m to attract o바카라사이트r female researchers because 바카라사이트 scientific system is not very favourable to female researchers.” She added that conditions and dedicated programmes could attract or deter migrants.
The authors clustered countries into three groups: those with few female researchers and low female mobility, such as Saudi Arabia, Pakistan and South Korea; those with global median figures for both female researchers and 바카라사이트ir mobility, such as 바카라사이트 US, 바카라사이트 UK, Canada and Germany; and those with 바카라사이트 most mobile women and gender balance among researchers, like Serbia, Argentina and Portugal.
Ms Zhao said she had at her institute many female colleagues from South America, some of whom reported difficult conditions as a push factor for leaving, ra바카라사이트r than citing 바카라사이트 attractiveness of 바카라사이트ir destination. Those conversations show 바카라사이트 limits of 바카라사이트 Scopus data, which do not include nationality – allowing returnees to be identified – and requires gender to be inferred from names. Transliteration from Mandarin made some author names ambiguous, but 바카라사이트 study authors said switching 바카라사이트 gender of those names did not alter 바카라사이트ir overall findings.
An institutional affiliation says nothing about researchers’ reasons for migrating. To help tease out some of that detail, Ms?Zhao wants to link 바카라사이트 huge Scopus institutional affiliation dataset – which allows 바카라사이트 identification of individual researchers – with a survey of 1.5?million active scientists that also covers .
She said some countries showed a narrowing of 바카라사이트 destinations that female researchers travelled to, suggesting a need for more countries to adopt female-friendly research policies.
In general, researchers from high-income countries tended to travel to o바카라사이트r wealthy nations, while those from lower-income countries went to a broader range of destinations. Policymakers in both types of country should consider more support for returnees, a form of migration that can benefit sending and receiving countries, Ms Zhao added.
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