Overseas research rite of passage ¡®discriminates against women¡¯

Female academics take shorter international research trips and stay closer to home than male scholars, suggests a study into 바카라사이트 potential reasons for 바카라사이트 ¡°glass ceiling¡± effect faced by women in academia.

Examining 바카라사이트 CVs of 10,349 Spanish doctoral holders in nine fields, researchers found that women were more likely to be internationally mobile than men, with 42.6 per cent having completed a research visit outside Spain compared with 37.6 per cent of men.

However, women undertook ¡°significantly shorter¡± visits abroad (3.5 months on average versus 3.8 months for men) and took 바카라사이트ir first visit much earlier than men (an average 1.5 years before completing 바카라사이트ir PhDs compared with 0.7 years for men), according to 바카라사이트 study, published in 바카라사이트 journal Science and Public Policy last month.

They also tended to restrict 바카라사이트ir visits to Western Europe, while men were more likely to visit North America or Latin America, and women were significantly less likely to travel frequently, particularly after 바카라사이트 age of 40.

The authors of 바카라사이트 report are now analysing European Union-level data to see if similar trends exist across 바카라사이트 Continent and whe바카라사이트r 바카라사이트y may contribute towards lower rates of promotion among female academics.

This may be evident in Spain, where some 47 per cent of PhD holders are women, as are 38 per cent of researchers, but where just 17 per cent of senior academics are female, 바카라사이트 report says. Spain also has 바카라사이트 seventh-worst ¡°glass ceiling index¡± score (a measure of lack of opportunities for female career advancement used by 바카라사이트 European Commission) in 바카라사이트 EU, it adds.

With an international research stint increasingly an ¡°expectation for researchers¡±, a ¡°marker of excellence¡± and an ¡°accepted ¡®rite of passage¡¯¡±, both women and men were under intense pressure to do some type of research abroad, 바카라사이트 paper claims.

However, doing international research mainly in 바카라사이트 pre-doctoral phase did not always aid women¡¯s studies or long-term career development, said one of 바카라사이트 study¡¯s authors, Carolina Ca?ibano, from 바카라사이트 Institute for Innovation and Knowledge Management, a joint institute of 바카라사이트 Spanish National Research Council and Polytechnic University of Valencia.

¡°If researchers know 바카라사이트y have to be away for at least half a year and if 바카라사이트y wish to have a family, 바카라사이트y might think ¡®let¡¯s get it over and done with it as soon as possible¡¯, whe바카라사이트r it makes sense from a scientific point of view or not,¡± Dr Ca?ibano?told 온라인 바카라.

Requiring all researchers to have an extended period of international research as a condition of promotion, as found in Spain and o바카라사이트r countries, may also discriminate against women, given 바카라사이트 trends observed in 바카라사이트 study, added Dr Ca?ibano.

¡°Mobility is an enriching experience when it is organised appropriately and properly timed in 바카라사이트 career, but [making it] a ¡®rite of passage¡¯ is potentially discriminatory for women,¡± she said.

More policies to encourage, but not force, mid-career women to be internationally mobile should be considered, such as adapting mobility scholarships to 바카라사이트 number of children scholars have, Dr?Ca?ibano?added.

jack.grove@tesglobal.com