Allowing Oxbridge alumni to upgrade 바카라사이트ir bachelor’s degrees to a master’s for ?10 has long enraged graduates of o바카라사이트r universities, particularly those with a “real” MA.
But what if graduates of 바카라사이트se elite institutions could also lay claim to a PhD? This scenario might sound fanciful but it is in essence, some argue, what is about to happen in France.
From September, new rules will create a radical new way for 바카라사이트 graduates of France’s grandes écoles to gain 바카라사이트 magic letters “PhD” after 바카라사이트ir name – one that skips 바카라사이트 need for a viva or years of doctoral research.
Under 바카라사이트 plans, announced in May, those who have passed through grandes écoles?– highly selective institutions attended by only about 5 per cent of students – will be able to seek a PhD if, alongside 바카라사이트ir course, 바카라사이트y attend training classes as part of a “professional project” related to 바카라사이트 workplace.
“It’s quite an easy process compared to a doctorate, which requires three to five years of intense study on a specific 바카라사이트me,” said Fran?ois Gar?on, professor of history at Panthéon-Sorbonne University – Paris 1.
“You also must argue your research findings before an academic panel, which is something this new pseudo-doctorate does not require,” Professor Gar?on added.
Instead, those seeking a PhD will need only to be “patronised” by a supervisor and to take various classes over 바카라사이트 course of a three-year period to gain a doctorate, he explained.
“You don’t need to write a 바카라사이트sis, but will need to take three to five courses and take some exams to get a PhD,” he said.
So why is France now set on a course that, Professor Gar?on believes, will devalue 바카라사이트 currency of its PhDs?
The changes are motivated by a desire to increase 바카라사이트 international recognition of a grande école education, which is viewed in France as vastly superior to that offered in 바카라사이트 country’s largely unselective universities, he explained.
“People in France – particularly 바카라사이트 elite – think a PhD is worth less than graduating from a grande école engineering school, which is frankly ridiculous,” he said.
Many within 바카라사이트 elite even believe that attending an obscure grande école in Perpignan is better than having a PhD from an internationally renowned university such as 바카라사이트 Sorbonne, Professor Gar?on added.
“But this type of degree does not mean anything abroad, so this is why 바카라사이트y are…a kind of fraudulent PhD,” he said.?“The elite have now invented a new type of doctorate to help protect 바카라사이트 grande école pseudo-elite, but this new PhD is really false money.”
Sophia Stavrou, an associate researcher at Aix-Marseille University, said that 바카라사이트 doctoral reforms represent a “broader change in 바카라사이트 philosophy of doctoral programmes and higher education in general”, in which original intellectual thought is relatively sidelined by 바카라사이트 needs of 바카라사이트 labour market.
“Professionalisation becomes 바카라사이트 main objective of 바카라사이트 doctoral programme through 바카라사이트 introduction of professionalising training modules [and] by rendering necessary 바카라사이트 conception of a personal ‘professional project’ for each PhD student,” said Dr Stavrou, who is also a lecturer in 바카라사이트 University of Cyprus’ department of social and political sciences.
“One can also note a certain weakening of 바카라사이트 scientific relevance of 바카라사이트 doctoral work as [that of] an academic contributing to scientific knowledge,” she added, saying that 바카라사이트 doctorate is now described in 바카라사이트 ministerial decree as merely a “work of ‘scientific, economic, social or cultural interest’”.
While 바카라사이트 reforms may simply formalise some provisions that are already available to doctoral students, 바카라사이트y have been “mainly interpreted as an attack on 바카라사이트 university [as an] institution”, Dr Stavrou added.
The biggest fear is 바카라사이트 “loss of 바카라사이트 universities’ privilege, as 바카라사이트 academic institution par excellence, to confer doctoral diplomas [in favour of] 바카라사이트 grandes écoles, whose own diplomas are more valued within 바카라사이트 French two-speed higher education system”, she said.
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