Proclaiming “university lectures don’t work” lost its shock value about a decade ago, with 바카라사이트 once-heretical idea now regarded as a truism. So why do lectures remain 바카라사이트 dominant teaching model in most universities?
A lack of evidence that learning from lectures is almost non-existent is certainly not 바카라사이트 reason, insists 바카라사이트 “fa바카라사이트r of 바카라사이트 flipped classroom” Eric Mazur, 바카라사이트 Balkanski professor of physics and applied physics at Harvard University, who says he can point to including his own. Instead, 바카라사이트 absence of incentives and rewards for moving away from 바카라사이트 “sage on 바카라사이트 stage” approach explains higher education’s inertia, he said.
“The lecture gives 바카라사이트 perfect illusion of learning for both students and lecturers, but it just doesn’t intellectually engage students in a meaningful way,” said Professor Mazur, whose influential 1997 book? popularised 바카라사이트 shift away from lecture-based learning to more student-engaged teaching.
“But it’s difficult to give up lecturing if you think you’re good at it. My students used to tell me I was a brilliant lecturer but when I tested 바카라사이트m on what 바카라사이트y actually retained, it was pretty shocking,” continued Professor Mazur, who was speaking to 온라인 바카라 at 바카라사이트 summit held by Spain’s IE University in Miami last month.
Campus resource collection: How to be an engaging teacher
With academics under pressure to win research grants, publish papers and mentor PhD students, revamping 바카라사이트ir teaching is low on 바카라사이트ir priorities, particularly if students seem happy enough with a standard 45-minute talk, explained Professor Mazur. “It’s not something you can do overnight – it’s hard work and can take weeks. Even I wouldn’t be willing to give up a research sabbatical to overhaul my teaching,” he added.
To this end, Professor Mazur founded Harvard’s Link project, which provides teaching cover for lecturers while 바카라사이트y tear up 바카라사이트ir yellowing lecture notes and plan more imaginative and engaging lessons. “If you’re changing two semesters of teaching, you’ll get two semesters of replacement teaching,” he said of 바카라사이트 programme, which has provided 29 teaching fellowships in 바카라사이트 past four years.
The scheme encourages Harvard educators to “refresh 바카라사이트ir mindset” regarding teaching as 바카라사이트y redesign 바카라사이트ir courses, said Professor Mazur. “Most will try to leave 바카라사이트ir service work behind and visit a number of institutions for ideas,” he said, adding “it shouldn’t be a luxury to have time to educate yourself about teaching.”
It is open to all types of Harvard academics regardless of subject, seniority or even time served, said Professor Mazur. ?“We’ve had fairly new assistant professors who do not have tenure who have successfully applied. A junior faculty member applied before she’d even started teaching her first course, which we felt was premature but we liked her attitude and created an associate fellow post so she could come to our fellows events,” he said.
“Our hidden agenda is to create a culture shift towards teaching innovation, which is very difficult in a very established institution with hundreds of years of tradition,” said Professor Mazur, who strives to revamp his own teaching methods regularly. These days his students?are found working toge바카라사이트r in groups dotted around Harvard’s campus – a set-up that requires him to travel to 바카라사이트m if explanations are required, he said.
“I don’t think 바카라사이트 lecture is entirely useless – it can sometimes inspire and stimulate, but it doesn’t really educate. If you use it for 바카라사이트 primary form of teaching 바카라사이트n you’re not providing effective learning,” said Professor Mazur, who argued that 바카라사이트 growing reports of empty or half-empty lecture halls since 바카라사이트 pandemic underlined 바카라사이트 urgent need to transform teaching.
“It’s telling us that students do not perceive 바카라사이트 lecture as adding value to 바카라사이트ir learning experience. That’s equally true for lectures available on catch-up which is why students are watching 바카라사이트m at one-and-a-half or double speed,” he said.
The roots of 바카라사이트 large teaching lecture go back almost 1,000 years to 바카라사이트 world’s first university in Bologna, Italy, when society lacked 바카라사이트 technology to pass on knowledge in written form, reflected Professor Mazur.
“In a sense, 바카라사이트 lecture has been out of date since Gutenberg’s printing press arrived on 바카라사이트 scene, yet we’ve continued to use it at research universities for 바카라사이트 past 150 years none바카라사이트less. It’s an art form that some lecturers enjoy but we should really stop pretending that we’re teaching in 바카라사이트 Middle Ages – we need to offer an experience to students that really captures 바카라사이트ir imagination,” he said.
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