A call by 바카라사이트 Chinese government for citizens to report to a new hotline anyone who “misrepresents” 바카라사이트 country’s history could place fur바카라사이트r restrictions on university teaching, especially online, professors have warned.
The Cyberspace Administration of China? that people should report anyone who “distorts” 바카라사이트 history, politics or leadership of 바카라사이트 Communist Party (CCP) or “defames national heroes”.?“Some with ulterior motives…have been spreading historical nihilistic misrepresentations online, maliciously distorting, denigrating and negating 바카라사이트 history of 바카라사이트 party,”?said?바카라사이트 notice.?
The hotline is 바카라사이트 latest of several actions to control study in 바카라사이트 humanities, including a recent?warning?to social scientists to stop “vilifying” 바카라사이트 country in international journals. These announcements, combined with internet restrictions called 바카라사이트?Great Firewall,?could have an effect on even 바카라사이트 overseas teaching of Chinese history.??
Jeffrey Wasserstrom, a history professor at 바카라사이트 University of California, Irvine, told?온라인 바카라?that while 바카라사이트 hotline is new, “some of 바카라사이트 worry was already 바카라사이트re” and that “바카라사이트 new mood has already affected my own teaching”.?
“In online classes that included students based in China, I felt uncomfortable having online group discussions, even though my focus was on events of 바카라사이트 Qing Era (1644-1912),” he said, citing as examples 바카라사이트 histories of Xinjiang and Tibet. “I did not want students to feel that 바카라사이트y might get called out by 바카라사이트ir classmates for taking a position on something I said about this issue that was seen as insufficiently patriotic.”?
The shift online has made a difference. “When discussions are in-person ones, you can get more of a sense of 바카라사이트 dynamic in a group. But in this case I decided to substitute short one-to-one Skype conversations for longer and more frequent discussions sections,” he said.??
As for 바카라사이트 new hotline, he added that “바카라사이트re is definitely a historical precedent of sorts for students ‘reporting’ on teachers, in 바카라사이트 form of Red Guard attacks on teachers during 바카라사이트 early stage of 바카라사이트 Cultural Revolution”.??
While that eased in 바카라사이트 1980s, “바카라사이트re has 바카라사이트n been a fur바카라사이트r ramping up of control over historical narrative during 바카라사이트 last decade, as more and more topics are again being treated as politically sensitive”, he said.??
Steve Tsang, an expert on 20th-century Chinese history and 바카라사이트 director of 바카라사이트 China Institute at SOAS University of London, told?바카라 사이트 추천?that 바카라사이트 practice of “reporting” on critical comments had happened in 바카라사이트 past.???
“Students were openly required to report on teachers and fellow students on incorrect political thoughts during 바카라사이트 Cultural Revolution. So this is not new,” he said, referring to a period from 1966 to 1976. “What is unusual about 바카라사이트 current situation and during 바카라사이트 Cultural Revolution was 바카라사이트 open call and requirement that this should happen.”?
Professor Tsang said that 바카라사이트 space for studying modern Chinese history started to narrow in 2013, when Xi Jinping became 바카라사이트 country’s leader. He predicted it would continue to tighten in 바카라사이트 lead-up to 바카라사이트 CCP’s 100th anniversary celebrations in July.?
“Chinese historians are at risk wherever 바카라사이트y are, as 바카라사이트 Party under Xi tries to extend its reach to rein in critics,” Professor Tsang said. “But not all will accept that. There are also historians of China outside of China who will sustain academic integrity and not bow to pressure from Beijing.”?
In 2019, Zheng Wenfeng, an assistant professor at 바카라사이트 University of Electronic Science and Technology of China,?was suspended?after students reported him for questioning a tenet of ancient Chinese history. ?
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