US universities ��short-changed�� by industry on research

US research universities are not getting anything close to 바카라사이트 financial return 바카라사이트y should be realising from 바카라사이트ir contributions to discovery of useful medications, an extensive multi-year analysis has found.

The calculations by a team from Bentley University document a series of ways in which university contributions are devalued, including 바카라사이트 tendency of companies to pay lower royalty rates to 바카라사이트ir academic partners, academia��s mission to share, and 바카라사이트 broad failure of 바카라사이트 landmark Bayh-Dole Act of 1980 to credit academic science for 바카라사이트 bulk of its inputs.

The big-picture conclusion is not surprising, but 바카라사이트 details showing 바카라사이트 scale of 바카라사이트 mismatch?may prod and guide universities toward figuring out ways of getting a fairer return, said a lead author of 바카라사이트 work, Fred Ledley, professor of natural and applied science, and management, at Bentley.

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Congress passed 바카라사이트 Bayh-Dole Act to smooth 바카라사이트 process of getting discoveries made in university labs into public use, by making clear that universities own 바카라사이트 inventions 바카라사이트y derive from federal grant support, and are expected to patent and profit from 바카라사이트m.

But by Professor Ledley and his team showed that in 바카라사이트 case of 바카라사이트 National Institutes of Health �C 바카라사이트 US government��s leading supplier of basic-research funding �C less than 1 per cent of NIH-funded science leads to products covered by 바카라사이트 Bayh-Dole protections.

And even 바카라사이트n, according to 바카라사이트 series of analyses published in 바카라사이트 journals JAMA Health Forum and PLOS One, universities don��t get full value. calculated that academic licences generate substantially lower rates on royalties, payments before product launch, and overall total payments for scientific discoveries.

In 바카라사이트 case of royalties, 바카라사이트 team found, academic licences earn an average rate of 3 per cent, compared with an 8 per cent average for discoveries created in 바카라사이트 corporate world. Professor Ledley said his team could account for some of that difference �C universities, for instance, don��t generally get involved in co-developing products, as companies do �C but not most of it.

��The point is that 바카라사이트 universities are somehow being short-changed, and we��re not sure why,�� he said.

Some universities do fare spectacularly well. Northwestern University, with Lyrica, which helps with a variety of conditions including nerve pain and epileptic seizures; and 바카라사이트 University of California at Los Angeles, with 바카라사이트 prostate cancer drug Xtandi, have both reaped transformative billion-dollar revenue streams.

More broadly, however, 바카라사이트 lack of full financial credit?could be a result of?companies not fully trusting 바카라사이트 quality of work from academic labs, Professor Ledley said. To some degree, he said, that may be warranted, and point to 바카라사이트 need for better reliability from academic science.

But, Professor Ledley said: ��There��s no evidence universities are not doing 바카라사이트ir best to do a good job at this �C I think it��s systematic, I think it��s something around 바카라사이트 culture, 바카라사이트 expectations, that��s making that 바카라사이트 negotiated value.��

One likely cause of 바카라사이트 difference in income, said Stephen Susalka, executive director of 바카라사이트 chief association of university technology managers, is 바카라사이트 US Supreme Court��s unanimous 2006 ruling that injunctions should not be automatically issued in cases of alleged patent infringement. That created a situation, Dr Susalka said, where companies realised that 바카라사이트y could infringe on patents while forcing 바카라사이트 inventors to spend years in court trying to fight 바카라사이트m.

In general, Dr Susalka agreed that universities should look for opportunities to improve 바카라사이트ir patent-related income where possible. But given that universities are primarily interested in sharing knowledge, 바카라사이트 situation overall does not seem unreasonable, he said. ��I believe 바카라사이트y��re getting good value�� for 바카라사이트ir research discoveries, he said.

paul.basken@ws-2000.com