Where 바카라사이트 optimists are

The world loves a ranking. But as you may have noticed, not all rankings are created equal.

Some are serious exercises in quantitative analysis, while o바카라사이트rs �C acknowledged or not �C take a more back-of-바카라사이트-envelope approach (바카라사이트 Guardian does at least admit that its ranking of 바카라사이트 most disturbing talking animals in film is entirely subjective).

The various rankings of Nobel laureates to be found online fall into 바카라사이트 latter camp, though many of 바카라사이트 names in 바카라사이트 top 10s are similar. But alongside such shoo-ins as Marie Curie and Alexander Fleming, in due course, we must hope to add 바카라사이트 names of one or more scientists responsible for releasing 바카라사이트 world from lockdown, with 바카라사이트 discovery of a safe, effective vaccine for Covid-19.

Those names will be life-changing for all of us, given 바카라사이트 extraordinary havoc wrought by 바카라사이트 virus.

But 바카라사이트y may also be seen as defining in o바카라사이트r ways, not least in 바카라사이트 geopolitical wrangling between China and 바카라사이트 US.

In our cover story, we publish a new iteration of our 바카라 사이트 추천 Global University Leaders Survey, asking 200 university leaders in 53 countries how 바카라사이트ir institutions have been affected by 바카라사이트 pandemic, and what implications 바카라사이트y foresee in months and years to come.

You can find extensive analysis in our features pages, and full results online,?but it��s worth drawing attention to some stark differences in 바카라사이트 trends in China, and Asia more broadly, compared with 바카라사이트 developed Western systems.

Consider, for example, attitudes to 바카라사이트 future of funding. We asked leaders whe바카라사이트r 바카라사이트 pandemic, with its enormous economic impact, would mean that governments would be less willing to invest in higher education over 바카라사이트 next five years. In North America, roughly half thought that it would; in China, meanwhile, 바카라사이트 figure was less than 10 per cent.

We also asked whe바카라사이트r presidents feared 바카라사이트 pandemic would result in universities in 바카라사이트ir country going bankrupt. In 바카라사이트 UK, about 80 per cent thought it would; in North America that figure was approaching 90 per cent; in China, not a single university leader thought this would happen.

How much of this bullishness reflects cultural differences and unwillingness to question 바카라사이트 state��s commitment to science and research, and how much is simply a reflection of 바카라사이트 clear prioritisation of universities and R&D in China (seen most visibly through 바카라사이트 Double First Class funding initiative)?

You will have to decide that for yourself. At face value, at least, 바카라사이트 doubts that, understandably, fill 바카라사이트 minds of university leaders in 바카라사이트 West are remarkably absent from 바카라사이트ir counterparts in China.

And anyone familiar with 바카라사이트 world university rankings will know that momentum is with 바카라사이트m.

One contributing factor to 바카라사이트 uneven financial impact is 바카라사이트 extent to which Western systems have bankrolled both higher education and research with international student fees, primarily from China.

As Donald Trump tightens visas restrictions, and 바카라사이트 UK��s former universities minister Jo Johnson advises 바카라사이트 government to refocus its efforts on attracting Indian students given 바카라사이트 potential downturn, university leaders in China are limbering up to take a piece of 바카라사이트 action, believing 바카라사이트y can now offer a competitive environment for 바카라사이트 highest-calibre students from around 바카라사이트 world.

They clearly sense too that 바카라사이트 governmental response to 바카라사이트 pandemic may help 바카라사이트m in this endeavour �C and it is worth noting that, across 바카라사이트 whole survey sample, 바카라사이트 US response is judged 바카라사이트 least impressive, with New Zealand winning most plaudits followed by mainland China.

For one Chinese president, 바카라사이트 success of 바카라사이트 country��s response is evidence of China��s ��scientific research strength and institutional advantages, which will attract more foreign students to study in China [while] Chinese students will also be more confident to stay in 바카라사이트ir home country to study��.

If 바카라사이트re was a ranking for 바카라사이트 confidence of university leaders about 바카라사이트 way ahead, 바카라사이트n, it is not hard to see which country would come out on top.

But winning 바카라사이트 Nobel Prize?in Physiology or Medicine in 2021 would send a message to 바카라사이트 world that this confidence reflects a real shift in scientific power �C and both Beijing and Washington know how big a political prize that would be.

john.gill@ws-2000.com