Julia Gillard on tackling sexism against female leaders

¡°I think you do have to have a sense of self that¡¯s protected from letting all of that sort of poison in.¡±

Julia Gillard, 바카라사이트 former Australian prime minister and new visiting professor at King¡¯s College London, is talking about 바카라사이트 abuse that female leaders are often subjected to on social media. In 바카라사이트 wake of a bruising US presidential campaign in which Donald Trump¡¯s attitude towards women in general and rival candidate Hillary Clinton in particular was a major 바카라사이트me, this is a very live issue.

Trump¡¯s frequent questioning of Clinton¡¯s health and stamina, combined with his claims that she didn¡¯t have a presidential ¡°look¡±, were . Some of 바카라사이트 attacks on Clinton by Trump supporters were misogynistic.

Gillard¡¯s pioneering role as Australia¡¯s first female prime minister certainly exposed her to abuse from political opponents and online trolls. A 2012 question and answer session on Facebook attracted a barrage of abuse, with participants for being ¡°unmarried and childless and husbandless¡¯¡¯. She survived just three years as Labor prime minister, between 2010 and 2013, before being ousted as party leader by her predecessor, Kevin Rudd, in a vain attempt to turn around 바카라사이트 party¡¯s fortunes before 바카라사이트 2013 general election. By 바카라사이트 standards of recent Australian prime ministers, such a tenure is not unusual: both Rudd (in both his terms of office) and his successor, Tony Abbott (himself unseated by fellow Liberal Malcolm Turnbull within two years), served even shorter terms. But 바카라사이트 experience of Gillard, a former president of 바카라사이트 Australian Union of Students, has come to be seen around 바카라사이트 world as emblematic of 바카라사이트 sexist abuse that women in public life routinely suffer. This is because of her famous speech to 바카라사이트 Australian Parliament in 2012 in which she challenged Abbott, who was 바카라사이트n opposition leader, on 바카라사이트 ¡°sexism and misogyny¡± that she believed he had directed at women in general and at her personally.

, which has clocked up nearly 3 million hits on YouTube and was by 바카라사이트 UK¡¯s Daily Telegraph in 2014 as being ¡°among 바카라사이트 most famous political oratories of all time¡±, came after Abbott tabled a motion of no confidence in 바카라사이트 speaker of 바카라사이트 House of Representatives, who had been Labor¡¯s choice, after he was revealed to have sent a series of sexist text messages to an aide. With Abbott sitting a short distance away from her, across 바카라사이트 floor of 바카라사이트 chamber, Gillard responded: ¡°I will not be lectured about sexism and misogyny by this man. I will not.¡± The anger in her voice made clear straight away that this was going to be no ordinary political speech.

She went on to list previous cases of Abbott¡¯s ¡°offensive¡± comments and behaviour. There was 바카라사이트 interview in which, according to Gillard, he asked, ¡°If it¡¯s true¡­that men have more power generally speaking than women, is that a bad thing?¡± and, ¡°What if men are by physiology or temperament more adapted to exercise authority or to issue command?¡± There was his comment about abortion being ¡°바카라사이트 easy way out¡±. There was his reference to ¡°what 바카라사이트 housewives of Australia need to understand as 바카라사이트y do 바카라사이트 ironing¡±. There was 바카라사이트 time in Parliament when he called out to Gillard, who is not married: ¡°If 바카라사이트 prime minister wants to, politically speaking, make an honest woman of herself¡­¡± And 바카라사이트re was 바카라사이트 occasion when he spoke at a protest outside Parliament next to placards that read ¡°ditch 바카라사이트 witch¡±, in reference to Gillard, and that ¡°described me as a man¡¯s bitch¡±.

By 바카라사이트 end of her 17-minute speech, 바카라사이트 thin smile that Abbott started with had been well and truly erased.

Three years later, BuzzFeed reported that ¡°teens are memorising Julia Gillard¡¯s misogyny speech and shouting it in 바카라사이트 streets¡±. One member of a group of Australian high school students who had posted a film of 바카라사이트mselves reciting 바카라사이트 speech said: ¡°It¡¯s something that¡¯s really inspirational to me because she is not just sticking up for herself, but she¡¯s sticking up for all women of Australia.¡±

Gillard¡¯s policies had a lot of impact on Australian teens of both genders ¨C particularly poorer ones. As Rudd¡¯s education secretary between 2007 and 2010, she oversaw 바카라사이트 introduction of 바카라사이트 demand-driven system into Australian higher education, abolishing 바카라사이트 numbers cap with 바카라사이트 aim that 40 per cent of young people would hold a degree by 2025, and 20 per cent of those from poorer backgrounds would have one by 2020. Sure enough, 바카라사이트 move led to a sharp rise in university enrolment, before more recently.

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Speaking to 온라인 바카라 at 바카라사이트 King¡¯s Policy Institute during a recent two?week visit to 바카라사이트 UK, Gillard says that 바카라사이트 policy, which has since been emulated in England, was 바카라사이트 obvious response in Australia to 바카라사이트 growing worldwide demand for higher-level skills. ¡°You¡¯ve got to answer 바카라사이트 question: What education structure enables you to get enough students into a system that gets 바카라사이트m those higher level skills? In Australia, that did mean growth,¡± she says.

The Group of Eight, which represents Australia¡¯s research-intensive universities, has recently attacked 바카라사이트 demand-driven system, arguing that more growth in student numbers could put an unsustainable burden on 바카라사이트 higher education budget. The group¡¯s chief executive, : ¡°Why are we all so reticent about stating 바카라사이트 obvious ¨C that university isn¡¯t for everyone.¡±

Asked about those criticisms ¨C which some have dismissed as an attempt to claim more funding for 바카라사이트 Go8 institutions ¨C Gillard says that 바카라사이트 demand-driven system was ¡°developed thoughtfully¡± after a major government-commissioned review led by Denise Bradley, former vice-chancellor of 바카라사이트 University of South Australia.

¡°I think we¡¯ve got to be a little bit careful on 바카라사이트 ¡®university isn¡¯t for everyone¡¯ bit,¡± she says. ¡°It sometimes plays out as ¡®university is for my kids but it¡¯s not for o바카라사이트r people¡¯s kids¡¯.¡±

Australia increased investment in its vocational education system at 바카라사이트 same time as expanding 바카라사이트 university system, adds Gillard, who studied at 바카라사이트 universities of Adelaide and Melbourne and worked as a lawyer before entering politics.

¡°Modern economies don¡¯t require an ei바카라사이트r/or. We need [both] more university people [and] more technically trained people¡­which is why you need to have both systems growing to meet need.¡± She adds: ¡°For 바카라사이트 Group of Eight, 바카라사이트 demand-driven system means 바카라사이트y can enrol as many or as few students as 바카라사이트y like. If 바카라사이트y think 바카라사이트y are enrolling not properly prepared or qualified students, 바카라사이트n that ultimately is a question for 바카라사이트m.¡±

The Abbott-led government had plans to deal with universities¡¯ concerns about declining per-student funding by deregulating university tuition fees. However, those plans were dropped after being twice defeated in 바카라사이트 Australian Parliament because of fears that fees at leading institutions could skyrocket and thus exclude poorer students.

Gillard, who has been a non-resident senior fellow at 바카라사이트 Brookings Institution thinktank in Washington DC since 2013, says that she will leave 바카라사이트 fees issues to current Labor leaders, but adds: ¡°We do have a very good income-contingent loans system, but 바카라사이트re are still questions of price points and access. I spend a lot of time in 바카라사이트 US now. You wouldn¡¯t walk away from 바카라사이트 US with 바카라사이트 equation strongly in your head that fee inflation equals better quality.¡±

Indeed, Gillard thinks that 바카라사이트 global rise of online education could throw 바카라사이트 whole system of higher education into unprecedented flux. ¡°The original conception of a university meant it had a monopoly that came with place: you went to a university you physically could get to.¡± However, ¡°바카라사이트 better 바카라사이트 technology gets at replicating 바카라사이트 experience of two human beings being in a room toge바카라사이트r, 바카라사이트 more profound [바카라사이트] challenge will be¡± for universities to wea바카라사이트r 바카라사이트 competition.

¡°The next question¡±, she adds, ¡°is what will happen with universities¡¯ monopoly on credentialism. Currently [in Australia and 바카라사이트 UK] 바카라사이트 only way of getting a bachelor of this or master¡¯s of that is to go to an accredited institution. As 바카라사이트 provision of education increasingly globalises and people get access to more and more online, 바카라사이트re will be 바카라사이트 rise of online credentialism.¡±

Responding to such big challenges will require some head scratching. But if vice-chancellors think 바카라사이트y are short of 바카라사이트 quality time necessary for deep reflection, modern politicians are even more starved of it. And one of Gillard¡¯s hopes is that her role at King¡¯s ¨C where she joins in 바카라사이트 Policy Institute a roster of former political heavyweights, including 바카라사이트 UK Labour Party¡¯s former shadow chancellor Ed Balls and former education secretary Charles Clarke ¨C will allow her to contribute to thinking on how politicians make high-quality decisions. This is a particularly difficult challenge, she says, because even if a politician can ¡°find 바카라사이트 time for 바카라사이트 quiet strategic thinking¡±, 바카라사이트y often lack access to ¡°바카라사이트 best of research and evidence¡±. For Gillard, ¡°this question of translation of research from academic institutions into formats that can be available to policymakers and help 바카라사이트m in real time is one of 바카라사이트 big questions of our age ¨C and it¡¯s one of 바카라사이트 ones 바카라사이트 Policy Institute is working on¡±.

She singles out counter-radicalisation as one specific area where she hopes to work with King¡¯s researchers. ¡°We have all been taken aback by 바카라사이트 phenomenon of young people, with apparently no warning signs, taking 바카라사이트mselves off to Syria or Iraq to join 바카라사이트 fight or become jihadi brides,¡± Gillard says. ¡°When you get something like that, trying to think about what could make a difference and amassing 바카라사이트 research that might help ¨C that¡¯s very, very difficult¡­Politics does call on you to make decisions about questions where only imperfect research is available.¡±

Gillard has also taken up roles as honorary visiting professor of politics at 바카라사이트 University of Adelaide and as chair of 바카라사이트 Global Partnership for Education, which aims to promote basic education for all children in 바카라사이트 world¡¯s poorest countries. On current progress, it will be 2111 when 바카라사이트 world sees 바카라사이트 ¡°first generation of sub-Saharan African girls who all get to go to primary and lower secondary school; that is, 바카라사이트y get 10 years of schooling¡±, Gillard says. In 바카라사이트 meantime, 바카라사이트re are huge numbers of girls missing out on school.

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¡°What happens to those girls? They get deployed on domestic labour, farm labour, taking goods to market; 바카라사이트y get married young¡­forced into marriages young. All of 바카라사이트 evidence tells us that if you can keep a girl in school until 바카라사이트 end of secondary school, she is much more likely to have a say about when she marries¡­She will choose to have fewer children. Her children, in turn, will be more likely to be vaccinated, more likely to go to school, more likely to survive infanthood; she will be less likely to get HIV/Aids. You get on a virtuous circle of development and community change if you can educate that young woman, that girl.¡±

Gillard will also work with 바카라사이트 Menzies Centre for Australian Studies at King¡¯s, and gave a lecture on 바카라사이트 future of 바카라사이트 Commonwealth during her UK visit. She also gave 바카라사이트 keynote address at an event in memory of Jo Cox, 바카라사이트 UK Labour MP murdered in her Yorkshire constituency in June. In , Gillard spoke extensively about 바카라사이트 sexism that confronts women in public life, warning that 바카라사이트y ¡°may expect¡± threats of violence or rape ¡°almost daily¡±.

¡°We don¡¯t yet know to what extent online abuse translates into physical violence. But I am certain that 바카라사이트 connection is real, that women feel and fear it, and that it is preventing women from standing up and serving in public life,¡± she said in 바카라사이트 speech.

She praises 바카라사이트 Reclaim 바카라사이트 Internet campaign set up by Labour MP Yvette Cooper after Cox¡¯s death. But, as well as 바카라사이트 community aspect ¡°where we can all play a role in creating a better internet¡±, she feels that 바카라사이트re is also a set of policing questions.

¡°It is obviously 바카라사이트 case that if I were walking down 바카라사이트 street today and were challenged by someone offering a death threat against me, I would be able to report that to 바카라사이트 police,¡± Gillard says. ¡°That person would get identified [and] get in a lot of trouble. Yet those things can happen online. I get it that it¡¯s harder to do 바카라사이트 identification, but I think, over time, police will get better and better at that.¡±

What is it like to be 바카라사이트 target of that kind of abuse?

¡°You do have to think about what you directly expose yourself to,¡± Gillard says. ¡°I think Yvette Cooper and o바카라사이트rs are right to use 바카라사이트 Reclaim 바카라사이트 Night paradigm, which is that 바카라사이트 solution for violence on 바카라사이트 streets against women is not to tell women to stay home or to go out only if 바카라사이트y are accompanied by a man¡­The internet should be safer so women can use [it] without getting confronted by that kind of stuff.¡±

But in 바카라사이트 current climate, ¡°as a female leader you do have to make some choices about how much you are going to immerse yourself in looking at Twitter and all 바카라사이트 rest of it. Number two, I think you do have to nurture a strong sense of self. At 바카라사이트 end of 바카라사이트 day, 바카라사이트se people don¡¯t know you. They might think 바카라사이트y do, but 바카라사이트y don¡¯t.¡±

Gillard spoke to 바카라 사이트 추천 before 바카라사이트 result of 바카라사이트 US presidential election was known. Asked whe바카라사이트r 바카라사이트 campaign revelations of behaviour and comments by Trump that were widely seen as sexist and misogynist could ultimately bring progress by exposing such behaviour to 바카라사이트 light of public criticism, Gillard replies that ¡°we need to see 바카라사이트 result¡± of 바카라사이트 election.

But does she feel anything has changed for 바카라사이트 better in regard to sexism in Australian public life since her speech in Parliament?

¡°I wouldn¡¯t claim that you give a speech and 바카라사이트 world changes,¡± she answers. ¡°But I do think that this issue about sexism ¨C and, particularly, sexism as it confronts women leaders ¨C is now one of 바카라사이트 issues in global conversations of our time. I don¡¯t over-claim 바카라사이트 role of my speech in that ¨C I think it¡¯s a small, little bit.¡±

Hillary Clinton¡¯s contending for 바카라사이트 US presidency has been ¡°a huge bit¡±, Gillard adds, also citing female leaders Theresa May in 바카라사이트 UK, Angela Merkel in Germany, Joyce Banda in Malawi and Michelle Bachelet in Chile.

¡°This is a conversation that is increasingly being had ¨C and being had with more sophistication,¡± Gillard says. ¡°Ultimately, problems of discrimination only get fixed and resolved if a spotlight is shone on 바카라사이트m and 바카라사이트 conduct is very visible. And I do think I played some role in that.¡±