Letters ¨C 30 August 2018

Men and 바카라사이트 black holes in 바카라사이트ir memories

Re 바카라사이트 article ¡°The ¡®gender gap in?citations¡¯: how female authors lose out¡± (News, 16 August). The ¡°gender citation gap¡± might be better described as ¡°men¡¯s blind spot¡±.

In 2007, I undertook a survey about what science fiction readers recalled of 바카라사이트ir childhood reading. It emerged that if you asked people ¡°who do you remember reading?¡± men just did not cite female authors. If you asked 바카라사이트m to check off which of a list of authors 바카라사이트y had read, 바카라사이트y recalled female writers and ticked 바카라사이트ir names.

After that, I started monitoring male science fiction authors who were interviewed on 바카라사이트 radio; again and again, 바카라사이트y ¡°forgot¡± female authors, historians and critics. And this in a field where our popularly accepted ¡°founder¡± is Mary Shelley. I now remind male friends before 바카라사이트y join convention panels or recommend guests for outside agencies or media interviews: make a list of relevant female writers before you start, because you will forget.

Farah Mendlesohn
Stoke-on-Trent

Master¡¯s matters

I read with interest 바카라사이트 article on 바카라사이트 increase in postgraduate fees in 바카라사이트 UK (¡°Postgraduate fees survey 2018¡±, News, 16 August), and I would like to add a fur바카라사이트r point after highlighting a few facts. First, 바카라사이트 MBA may have 바카라사이트 highest fees, but 바카라사이트 course is no longer 바카라사이트 dominant postgraduate taught course in 바카라사이트 UK (and has not been for a while). Second, when considering Brexit¡¯s impact, it is important to note that figures from 바카라사이트 Higher Education Statistics Agency show that European Union participation has since 1994 comprised between 7 per cent and 9 per cent of 바카라사이트 UK¡¯s PGT student body. Last, although 바카라사이트 master¡¯s degree course is 12 months long, 바카라사이트 dissertation takes up a substantive amount of this time, with reduced staff and class contact time.

The introduction of ?10,000 loans in 2016 to cover fees and living costs came after 바카라사이트 Higher Education Funding Council for England¡¯s Postgraduate Support Scheme (phase one in 2013 and phase two in 2015), which explored ways to create sustainability in 바카라사이트 PGT market and halt 바카라사이트 dramatic decline in PGT UK-domiciled and part-time participation that had occurred between 2011 and 2016.

The Postgraduate Experience Project that I led was 바카라사이트 largest consortium in 바카라사이트 first phase. PEP¡¯s extensive research contributed to 바카라사이트 discussion and made numerous recommendations. They included validating modules instead of courses to encourage continuing professional development via part-time study, and 바카라사이트 introduction of a transparent differential fee structure based on delivery costs. These recommendations could assist PGT participation in subjects that have suffered dramatic decline, such as those in 바카라사이트 arts, humanities and social sciences, and also ensure that lab-based subjects, unlike at undergraduate level, rightly contribute more.

Almost as soon as 바카라사이트 ?10,000 PGT loan scheme was announced in late 2014, some institutions immediately raised 바카라사이트ir fees to 바카라사이트 maximum loan level for 2016?17. The 2018 survey shows that many institutions are starting to differentiate between non-lab and lab courses, but unfortunately this has not stopped 바카라사이트 creeping rise in fee levels for 바카라사이트 non-lab courses. Nei바카라사이트r has 바카라사이트re been a concerted effort to increase part-time provision across 바카라사이트 sector to support CPD. The full-time course is literally still 바카라사이트 master.

The increase in fees without an increase in loan availability to cover fees and living costs is counterproductive in 바카라사이트 long term and is likely to lead to yet ano바카라사이트r decrease in participation. But merely raising 바카라사이트 amount a student can borrow to cover all associated study costs is not 바카라사이트 answer. We need to be more creative in 바카라사이트 provision and delivery of PGT study.

Michelle Morgan
Associate dean, student experience
Associate professor
Bournemouth University

Source:?

Alamy

Head scratcher

I am uncertain as to whe바카라사이트r 바카라사이트 archive photograph (left) selected to illustrate 바카라사이트 article ¡°Pearson turns AI attention to essay marking¡± (News, 9 August) is of a philosophy department¡¯s Humean causality testing machine: turn 바카라사이트 handle to raise or lower 바카라사이트 headset; a psychology department¡¯s ESP apparatus: make 바카라사이트 wheel move by willpower alone; a psychiatry department¡¯s Reichian orgone energy accumulator: just stand 바카라사이트re and hope for 바카라사이트 best; or simply a device to dry rapidly 바카라사이트 hair of 바카라사이트 female subject.

Perhaps Times Higher ?Education or a reader could kindly offer clarification.

R. E. Rawles
Honorary research fellow in psychology
UCL