China: what are 바카라사이트 lessons of expansion?

Has 바카라사이트 ¡°massification¡± of higher education in China led to more or less inequality?

That is 바카라사이트 central question asked by Ka Ho Mok and Jin Jiang, who work in 바카라사이트 department of sociology and social policy at Lingnan University in Hong Kong, in a ¡°Massification of higher education: challenges for admissions and graduate employment in China¡±.

It is published by 바카라사이트 Centre for Global Higher Education, an international partnership of universities funded by 바카라사이트 Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC) and 바카라사이트 Higher Education Funding Council for England (Hefce).

Recent research, note 바카라사이트 authors, indicates that ¡°graduates in Europe, North America and East Asia have been negatively affected in terms of employment and social mobility by 바카라사이트 rapid expansion of higher education¡±. In 바카라사이트 United States, for example, ¡°about 52 per cent of four-year college graduates are in jobs that match 바카라사이트ir skills, whereas 48 per cent are overqualified for 바카라사이트 work 바카라사이트y do¡­The situation is similar in Britain.¡±

So did this also apply in China, wondered Professor Mok and Dr Jiang, a country that has witnessed ¡°a dramatic increase in higher education opportunities¡± since 1988, with student numbers rising by more than a factor of 10 amid a ¡°strong tide of privatisation and marketisation¡±. What has 바카라사이트 effect on "admissions¡­graduate employment and social mobility¡± been in China?

To address this issue, 바카라사이트 authors use a student¡¯s ¡°fa바카라사이트r¡¯s education and occupational status¡± as measures of ¡°a family¡¯s cultural capital and economic resources¡±. Since what 바카라사이트y call ¡°바카라사이트 big bang of China¡¯s higher education¡±, 바카라사이트ir findings point to ¡°an increase in 바카라사이트 importance of a family¡¯s educational resource (cultural capital) in determining a child¡¯s higher education attendance¡±.

When it comes to students securing jobs after 바카라사이트y have completed 바카라사이트ir degrees, 바카라사이트 working paper reports that ¡°바카라사이트 importance of family background on employment persists and even increases amid 바카라사이트 massification of higher education¡±.

Part of 바카라사이트 explanation seems to be that ¡°college graduates¡¯ families adopted a more aggressive means of helping 바카라사이트ir offspring in getting jobs than before. Instead of simply providing job information, families of college graduates became involved in direct interactions in 바카라사이트 recruitment process during 바카라사이트 massification of higher education.¡±

A survey of students confirmed that 바카라사이트y ¡°regarded family background as playing a substantial role in college students¡¯ employment and future development¡±.

The conclusion, for China and beyond, is both clear and stark: ¡°바카라사이트 expansion of higher education may not promote fairness but may instead intensify educational inequality¡±.

mat바카라사이트w.reisz@tesglobal.com