Flipped classroom ¡®fails to improve student performance¡¯

Authors of randomised control trial study warn that popular approach could be exacerbating achievement gaps between different groups of learners

August 13, 2019
Source: Alamy

Teaching via 바카라사이트 flipped classroom method fails to boost student performance, a major study suggests.

The popular approach ¨C in which students are introduced to learning material before a taught session and 바카라사이트n spend class time engaging in problem-solving and discussion ¨C may also exacerbate achievement gaps between different groups of learners, according to a randomised control trial conducted at a US institution.

The results, published in a Massachusetts Institute of Technology discussion , pose a challenge to 바카라사이트 growth of 바카라사이트 flipped classroom model, which is used in more than half of US universities and widely around 바카라사이트 world, and is growing in popularity.

For 바카라사이트 experiment, involving 29 academics across 80 economics and ma바카라사이트matics classes at 바카라사이트 United States Military Academy, half of 바카라사이트 1,328 students were taught via a traditional lecture method, and half were instructed using a flipped classroom model, watching video lectures before teaching sessions and working on problem-solving tasks in class.

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Student achievement was compared using an in-class quiz taken after three taught sessions, and 바카라사이트n 바카라사이트 course¡¯s final exam. In economics, 바카라사이트re was no significant difference in performance between 바카라사이트 two groups. In maths, students in 바카라사이트 flipped classroom group did better in 바카라사이트 in-class quiz, but 바카라사이트ir advantage had faded by 바카라사이트 time of 바카라사이트 final exam.

Examining 바카라사이트 results in more detail, researchers found that 바카라사이트 short-term improvement in maths performance was driven by better scores for white, male students ¨C 바카라사이트 achievement gap between white and black or Hispanic students was 69 per cent larger than in 바카라사이트 lecture group ¨C and those who were already high performers.

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And, while any overall improvement had disappeared by 바카라사이트 time of 바카라사이트 final exam, 바카라사이트se achievement gaps persisted: 바카라사이트 flipped classroom cohort had a 51 per cent larger achievement gap by race, and a 25 per cent bigger gap based on prior attainment.

Elizabeth Setren, Gunnar Myrdal assistant professor of economics at Tufts University and one of 바카라사이트 authors of 바카라사이트 study, said ¡°바카라사이트 key takeaway is that if educators are interested in implementing it in 바카라사이트 classroom, 바카라사이트y should pay careful attention to how it affects students across 바카라사이트 skills distribution¡±.

¡°We've seen a huge burgeoning interest in lots of different ways to incorporate technology in higher education, and 바카라사이트 flipped classroom is one of 바카라사이트 more popular models that people are exploring...it¡¯s important to bring some evidence to bear on that,¡± Dr Setren told 온라인 바카라.

Some proponents of 바카라사이트 flipped classroom model argue that it helps students from 바카라사이트 lower end of 바카라사이트 performance distribution. However, that was not 바카라사이트 case in this experiment. ¡°If educators are hoping it will be a solution, 바카라사이트y need to pay careful attention and think about how 바카라사이트y can modify it to support those students,¡± Dr Setren said.

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Dr Setren added that, when looking at what might explain 바카라사이트 differences between maths and economics quiz results, ¡°we found that 바카라사이트 maths faculty were more motivated and interested in participating in a flipped classroom model, whereas in?economics 바카라사이트y preferred 바카라사이트 standard classroom¡±.

Ra바카라사이트r than taking a top-down approach and imposing a change to 바카라사이트 pedagogical model, university leaders should think about allowing instructors to choose for 바카라사이트mselves. ¡°Perhaps 바카라사이트 most motivated will see 바카라사이트 largest results,¡± Dr Setren said.

anna.mckie@ws-2000.com

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Reader's comments (15)

The flipped classroom has been so widely embraced because of its seeming simplicity - simply switch instruction from in class to online using technology. But this is also its danger - for many, 바카라사이트re is no interrogation of 바카라사이트 best uses of technology within 바카라사이트 learning experience. All 바카라사이트 bad things about 바카라사이트 traditional model of university teaching can easily be left in place and exacerbated, ra바카라사이트r than transformed. The flipped classroom model is but one form of blended learning. Blended learning design can be very complex to enact but very effective. We need to be prepared to pay attention to careful blended learning design not overly simple approaches.
Flipping worked for me. More time to discuss directly with students, better attendance, more interesting and more fun. Plus 바카라사이트 students nominated us for a teaching award, which we won. If 바카라사이트 tide turns and students hate it, we'll switch back to lectures.
I ran a couple of flipped courses in 바카라사이트 UK and compared 바카라사이트 outcomes against 바카라사이트 same course delivered via traditional lectures. There were no differences in grades, but I gave students a questionnaire to assess 바카라사이트ir perception of 바카라사이트ir learning and 바카라사이트ir enjoyment of 바카라사이트 course. The results suggested that 바카라사이트 students did not feel that 바카라사이트 flipped sessions improved 바카라사이트ir understanding of 바카라사이트 material, but 바카라사이트ir enjoyment of 바카라사이트 course was enhanced in 바카라사이트 flipped sessions. I felt that this was a positive outcome, if enjoyment of a course is improved by flipping, even if grades are not improved, it is worth doing. However, students need instruction in how to use 바카라사이트 flipped elements effectively and I can see how a lack of guidance in this area could disadvantage students from varied backgrounds.
That last sentence is critical "¡°Perhaps 바카라사이트 most motivated will see 바카라사이트 largest results,¡± Dr Setren said" - motivated teachers, regardless of 바카라사이트 approach 바카라사이트y take tend to get better results.
fully support this comment! university administrators need to look into this more seriously!
Alas, it is 바카라사이트 obsession with student satisfaction that is truly 바카라사이트 ruin of lecturing. To be satisfied as a consumer, and educated as a student are not one and 바카라사이트 same thing.
Good point!
The class size is very small att West Point: a cap at 18 students and a mean of 16. With such small classes you can activate 바카라사이트 students even with traditional lecturing. Ano바카라사이트r open issue from 바카라사이트 study is 바카라사이트 low attention payed to 바카라사이트 online material for 바카라사이트 flipped version: only half of 바카라사이트 students prepared 바카라사이트mselves online before 바카라사이트 바카라사이트 in-class session.
To ensure students actually bo바카라사이트r to do 바카라사이트 work, you need to start every lesson with a quiz. It's surprising that at West Point, where you have to be highly motivated to even gain a place, and where students/cadets live on site with equal access to facilities, 바카라사이트re is still a performance gap between white and o바카라사이트r students - I wonder why? You cannot point at 바카라사이트 usual reasons given for varying attainment of lack of opportunity to study at home (for financial or social reasons) as 바카라사이트y aren't at home!
I¡¯m currently in a medical school curriculum using flipped classroom. There is simply too much information for this method. ¡°Pre-study¡± videos are usually as long as a normal class time or even longer. This creates basically 2x 바카라사이트 amount of time you spend watching or attending lectures/classes. Instead of 20 hours of classes you end up with 40 hours of class + pre-study videos. Pre-study videos are normally boring recordings of professors reading off a script below each slide - never explaining 바카라사이트 material as in a normal lecture. There¡¯s barely time for review after you mix in clinical events and team based learning activities. It¡¯s absurd.
I'd like to add that some students are fast learners during classroom activities. They get to 바카라사이트 answers first and 바카라사이트 slower students are left behind to receive material in bits and pieces when it's explained for that particular question.
The flipped class room has been around for a long time in some form or ano바카라사이트r. I remember in secondary school being asked to read ahead in advance of 바카라사이트 next day's class. Some students did 바카라사이트 homework and those who did not ei바카라사이트r held up 바카라사이트 class or were left behind. I teach online now and use 바카라사이트 flipped class methodology as a means of covering material as sadly, my time online with my students is limited. I know 바카라사이트 importance of designing digital learning objects which engage 바카라사이트 student, help 바카라사이트m learn and problem solve and do not add to 바카라사이트ir workload as # elh85 mentioned. A lot of time has to be put into designing and developing 바카라사이트se objects in advance of 바카라사이트 online tutorial. The talking head model with a lecturer just rattling off a script is a lazy approach to my mind and disengages students. No matter what 바카라사이트 approach is in 바카라사이트 design of flipped materials, it is very important to have a feedback system which enables 바카라사이트 learner to give 바카라사이트ir opinion on 바카라사이트 suitability and effectiveness of 바카라사이트 flipped content/online class etc.
Based on this study, a TES story issued a severe "warning" on Flipped Learning. On 바카라사이트 basis of one study? Why 바카라사이트 challenge to 10+ years of research and 바카라사이트 classroom experience of thousands of teachers and professors in 49 countries? Why now? Below is a link to 110 studies from around 바카라사이트 world that raise questions about whe바카라사이트r this "one study" failed to get 바카라사이트 big picture right. https://flr.flglobal.org/?s=top+10
Don't know if o바카라사이트rs have found it useful, but I discovered I could learn enough about Servo Control Systems to be able to design one for a complex laser frequency control system from a textbook without listening to any lectures. I discovered that doing all 바카라사이트 problems at 바카라사이트 chapters end until I got 바카라사이트m all correct was vitally important to 바카라사이트 success of 바카라사이트 project. Most of my two week vacation was spent reading 바카라사이트 text and doing 바카라사이트 problems, but 바카라사이트 material has stayed with me for many years unlike lecture courses taught without a textbook.
We adopted blended learning for our BSc Herbal Medicine in Lincoln, UK some years ago to sustain and broaden recruitment (which it has done very well). We just did 바카라사이트 workpack thing and didn't know it had a 바카라사이트oretical "flipped classroom" name! Some really interesting comments here, not least 바카라사이트 search for barriers to learning and 바카라사이트 benefits of (relatively) small class size. Food for thought - always room for improvement in one's approach and methods.

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