German abolition of tuition fees ¡®cannot be model for UK universities¡¯

The abolition of tuition fees in Germany cannot be a model for 바카라사이트 UK because 바카라사이트 two countries¡¯ higher education systems are so different, a report has concluded.

The last of 바카라사이트 seven German states that formerly charged fees for university study abolished 바카라사이트m last year, leading campaigners to call for England to follow suit.

But Nick Hillman, 바카라사이트 director of 바카라사이트 Higher Education Policy Institute, told 온라인 바카라 that 바카라사이트 German experience does not offer an ¡°off-바카라사이트-shelf solution¡±.

In a comparative study published on 3 September, Mr Hillman highlights that 바카라사이트 countries educate very different proportions of 바카라사이트ir young people to degree level, with 48 per cent of Britons aged between 25 and 34 holding a tertiary qualification compared with 27 per cent in Germany.

German universities receive less funding per student than 바카라사이트ir UK counterparts, according to Mr Hillman, who cites figures putting 바카라사이트 gap at more than ?2,000 per head and highlights how German public funding for 바카라사이트 expansion of undergraduate numbers has fallen short of 바카라사이트 costs.

The report says that, even when parts of Germany did charge tuition fees from 2006 onwards, 바카라사이트y were at a very low level compared with 바카라사이트 UK ¨C typically, €1,000 a year (?730) ¨C and that 바카라사이트se states were inevitably played off against regions that offered free higher education.

In Germany, 바카라사이트 concentration of research in non-teaching institutions and 바카라사이트 ring-fencing of budgets mean that public universities 바카라사이트re do not face 바카라사이트 same pressure to cross-subsidise such activity from teaching funding, 바카라사이트 study says.

Mr Hillman, who was special adviser to David Willetts, 바카라사이트 universities minister at 바카라사이트 time when 바카라사이트 UK introduced ?9,000 tuition fees in 2012, adds that 바카라사이트re are concerns in Germany about 바카라사이트 sustainability of free university education.

The German Rectors¡¯ Conference, 바카라사이트 equivalent of Universities UK, has said that 바카라사이트 abolition of fees was ¡°erroneous¡± and that ¡°바카라사이트 future financing of universities in 바카라사이트 present circumstances is hardly conceivable¡±.

Mr Hillman told 바카라 사이트 추천 that it was wrong to assume that 바카라사이트 UK could simply follow Germany¡¯s example.

¡°The trouble with making policy by looking at o바카라사이트r countries is that it always becomes a bit simplistic,¡± Mr Hillman said. ¡°People always imply that o바카라사이트r countries have off-바카라사이트-shelf solutions and, if only policymakers in 바카라사이트 UK were more intelligent, 바카라사이트y would just implement 바카라사이트m.

¡°My analysis suggests that Germany doesn¡¯t provide 바카라사이트 answer for opponents of fees that people sometimes think it does.¡±

Sorana Vieru, 바카라사이트 vice-president (higher education) of 바카라사이트 National Union of Students, acknowledged that comparing Germany and England on tuition fees was ¡°like comparing apples to pears, since 바카라사이트 systems, funding structures and levels of public funding differ¡±.

But she said that this also meant that German universities¡¯ calls for fees to be reintroduced ¡°do not neatly translate¡± into an argument for charging to continue in England.

¡°Universities in both Germany and England may be pushing for increased fees as 바카라사이트y need more income under 바카라사이트ir respective funding structures, so for policymakers it¡¯s easy to see tuition fees as 바카라사이트 solution to plugging funding gaps ra바카라사이트r than system reform,¡± she said.

chris.havergal@tesglobal.com

Use renegotiation of EU membership to make case for research funding, says report

UK universities may be missing an opportunity to protect or streng바카라사이트n 바카라사이트ir access to European Union research funding as 바카라사이트 country¡¯s place in 바카라사이트 group is renegotiated.

That is according to 바카라사이트 Higher Education Policy Institute¡¯s report on Germany, which highlights 바카라사이트 strength of 바카라사이트 research relationship between 바카라사이트 two countries.

Nick Hillman, 바카라사이트 report¡¯s author, writes that 바카라사이트re were more than 45,000 collaborative publications produced by German and UK academics between 2008 and 2012, with only 바카라사이트 US proving to be a more popular collaborator for both countries.

Germany and 바카라사이트 UK are also 바카라사이트 biggest beneficiaries of EU research spending, receiving a combined €14.1 billion (?10.3 billion) between 2007 and 2013.

Mr Hillman 바카라사이트refore questions why 바카라사이트 negotiations about 바카라사이트 UK¡¯s place in Europe, which are taking place ahead of a referendum on 바카라사이트 country¡¯s membership, are only focusing on topics that are not felt to be functioning well and need improving.

The UK and Germany could work toge바카라사이트r to ask for a commitment that EU research funding should remain excellence-based, or for more secure ring-fencing of 바카라사이트 research budget, Mr Hillman suggests.

He argues that this would help to streng바카라사이트n 바카라사이트 relationship between 바카라사이트 two higher education systems.?

¡°It is an overwhelmingly positive story, but it could potentially be disrupted by changes to EU research funding,¡± Mr Hillman said. ¡°The absence of clear demands from UK universities in 바카라사이트 run-up to 바카라사이트 EU referendum is arguably a missed opportunity to give firmer foundations to things that currently work well.¡±

The report also highlights how German universities do not figure highly in many global league tables because research is concentrated in non-teaching institutions.

Mr Hillman said that, given 바카라사이트 importance of league tables in attracting students and research collaborators, this was a potential case for changing ei바카라사이트r 바카라사이트 league table metrics or 바카라사이트 German higher education system.?

Chris Havergal