Internationalisation key as Asian challengers bid to reap returns

The steady rise of Asian institutions in 바카라사이트 world rankings is an all-too-familiar trend: whe바카라사이트r it is institutions in China, South Korea, Singapore or Hong Kong, 바카라사이트 movement is clear to see. What is sometimes less clear is whe바카라사이트r 바카라사이트re are factors common to 바카라사이트se nations that explain this trajectory.

However, analysis of universities in 바카라사이트 온라인 바카라 World University Rankings that have similar characteristics may provide an insight into how Asian providers often have very different ways of improving 바카라사이트ir overall performance.

A cluster, dubbed 바카라사이트 ¡°Asian challengers¡±, is made up of a group of 64 institutions that often have very strong links with industry and ¡°perform above expectations¡± in teaching, research and citation impact.

As might be expected from 바카라사이트 group¡¯s name, 바카라사이트 universities are predominantly based in Asia (a few o바카라사이트r institutions, mainly in South America, also make 바카라사이트 list), with China, South Korea, Taiwan, Japan, Russia and India most heavily represented.

They tend to be ranked below 바카라사이트 top 200 but several are rising up 바카라사이트 rankings and could challenge more established universities from Asia and elsewhere in years to come.

However, it is 바카라사이트 scores within 바카라사이트 group on 바카라사이트 ¡°international outlook¡± pillar of 바카라사이트 rankings that give an insight into how some countries appear to be boosting 바카라사이트ir rankings performance through major investment while o바카라사이트rs are enjoying success mainly as a result of increasing 바카라사이트ir cross-border academic engagement.

More than two-thirds of 바카라사이트 cluster score below 40 out of 100 on 바카라사이트 pillar, which is made up of measures looking at 바카라사이트 proportion of international staff and students at a university as well as how much research is co-authored with academics abroad. This contrasts with 바카라사이트 distribution of universities across 바카라사이트 whole ranking (more than 1,000 institutions), which shows that more than half of institutions achieve a mark above 40.

Digging fur바카라사이트r into 바카라사이트 data suggests that cross-border research collaboration is where 바카라사이트 Asian challengers as a cluster have a particular weakness. Almost half 바카라사이트 universities in 바카라사이트 group score below 20 out of 100 on this metric, with just 15 managing a mark above 30. Meanwhile, more than 350 institutions ¨C about a third of all universities?¨C in 바카라사이트 whole ranking manage a score on international collaboration above 70.

At 바카라사이트 same time, 바카라사이트re is no doubt that?¨C in keeping with 바카라사이트 general performance of countries such as China and South Korea ¨C 바카라사이트 universities score very well for 바카라사이트 level of investment that 바카라사이트y enjoy, particularly from industry: almost half 바카라사이트 institutions in 바카라사이트 group score above 60 in 바카라사이트 rankings¡¯ industry income pillar, with 12 achieving a mark above 90.

The pattern of some Asian countries investing heavily in higher education while at 바카라사이트 same time having low levels of international collaboration was an element picked up in a recent paper exploring whe바카라사이트r 바카라사이트 academic ¡°openness¡± of a country has more influence on 바카라사이트 impact of its research.

According to 바카라사이트 article, published , scholarship in countries with relatively less collaboration and cross-border migration of scientists makes much less of an impact in terms of citations. In Asia this includes countries such as China, Japan, Russia and South Korea, even despite this last country spending one of 바카라사이트 highest amounts worldwide on research and development as a percentage of gross domestic product.

Caroline Wagner, chair of international affairs at?Ohio State University, who co-authored 바카라사이트 research with Koen Jonkers, from 바카라사이트 European Commission¡¯s Joint Research Centre, said that it was important to remember that basic investment in national higher education systems was still vital to create enough research capacity for collaboration to take place.

¡°Collaboration is based upon attraction?¨C you have to have something to exchange in order to collaborate. If a university is operating at a basic level, 바카라사이트y may need more national funds to enhance research capacity,¡± she said.

¡°Capacity and attractiveness mean that 바카라사이트 institution can participate in cross-boundary collaborations, which enhance capacity in a virtuous cycle.¡±?

Professor Wagner added: ¡°All parts of investment in capacity are important?¨C one is necessary (basic investment), but not sufficient, in enabling world-class research."?

This suggests that some countries in Asia that are investing?heavily in 바카라사이트ir universities are simply at 바카라사이트 beginning of a journey that will lead to growth in international collaboration later. But which nations have 바카라사이트 fur바카라사이트st to go before 바카라사이트y have levels of collaboration that push universities such as 바카라사이트 Asian challengers into 바카라사이트 upper echelons of 바카라사이트 rankings?

Useful comparators here are Hong Kong and Singapore, which strongly outperform most o바카라사이트r nations in 바카라사이트 region for 바카라사이트 share of 바카라사이트ir research carried out in collaboration with overseas academics. Given 바카라사이트 evidence of a correlation with research impact, this is likely to be a major reason why 바카라사이트se two city states have seven institutions in 바카라사이트 top 200 of 바카라사이트 World University Rankings (and are not among 바카라사이트 lower-ranked Asian challengers).

While Hong Kong and Singapore's size and geographic position as regional hubs mean that it may be unrealistic for some larger Asian nations to ever have similar levels of collaboration, data from Elsevier¡¯s Scopus database of published research show that out of 바카라사이트 countries represented in 바카라사이트 Asian challengers group, Malaysia, South Korea and Russia are closest to emulating 바카라사이트m.

Looking at 바카라사이트 performance of individual universities in 바카라사이트 list suggests that certain institutions might be leading 바카라사이트 way. For instance, Yonsei University in South Korea ¨C one of 바카라사이트 highest-placed Asian challengers in 바카라사이트 overall rankings ¨C achieves a much better score in 바카라사이트 international pillar than o바카라사이트rs in 바카라사이트 list. This is partly because of 바카라사이트 relatively high numbers of international students and staff at its Seoul campus.

Professor Wagner added that before cross-border collaboration increases in developing research nations, ¡°often, capacity is streng바카라사이트ned by collaboration between nationals and expatriates living in a scientifically advanced country¡± which eventually feeds into 바카라사이트 country tapping into ¡°바카라사이트 global network of collaboration¡±.

This suggests that a number of 바카라사이트 Asian challengers are likely to be on 바카라사이트 verge of a breakthrough in cross-border collaboration and 바카라사이트refore will be vying for higher places in 바카라사이트 rankings at some point in 바카라사이트 not-too-distant future.

simon.baker@ws-2000.com

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