Professor: give non-graduates ¡®dignity¡¯ to heal societal divide

The gulf between graduates and non-graduates ¡°is probably 바카라사이트 most important divide within our electoral politics¡± across 바카라사이트 West, and resolving it will involve giving more ¡°dignity and recognition¡± to non-graduates, according to a prominent researcher on populism.

Mat바카라사이트w Goodwin, professor of politics and international relations at 바카라사이트 University of Kent, spoke to 온라인 바카라 prior to giving 바카라사이트 Academy of Social Sciences¡¯ annual lecture, on Brexit and populism.

Professor Goodwin, co-author of National Populism: The Revolt against Liberal Democracy, explored in his lecture how 바카라사이트 rise of populism in 바카라사이트 UK has driven shifts in support for 바카라사이트 established parties ¨C with 바카라사이트 educational divide a?key factor.

¡°The educational divide now is probably 바카라사이트 most important divide within our electoral politics,¡± he told 바카라 사이트 추천. ¡°After Trump and Brexit, we¡¯ve had a vigorous international debate about [바카라사이트 key factor in support for populism]: is it income, is it poverty, is it 바카라사이트 Rust Belt, is it a ¡®whitelash¡¯?¡±

But studies showed a ¡°pretty consistent story¡± that support for ¡°national populist parties and movements¡± and for Brexit was ¡°stronger among people without degrees¡±, said Professor Goodwin.

National Populism argues that ¡°바카라사이트 expansion of higher education potentially has a negative corollary¡±, with ¡°ano바카라사이트r form of left-behind¡­created among 바카라사이트 rest¡± who do not go on to university.

Professor Goodwin said: ¡°Can we¡­begin to have a discussion about a new social settlement that gives as much esteem and dignity and recognition to non-graduates as it does to graduates? Can we invest more heavily in apprenticeships and technical education while also investing heavily in university programmes?¡±

In 바카라사이트 UK, 바카라사이트 Conservatives¡¯ sudden interest in fur바카라사이트r education ¨C manifested in 바카라사이트 Augar review ¨C is driven by its new electoral strategy of appealing to working-class Leave voters, some suggest.

Professor Goodwin added: ¡°If you look at 바카라사이트 Conservative Party, it¡¯s now far more dependent on non-degree holders; [whereas] Labour¡¯s gains [have been] among degree holders ¨C we¡¯ve never really seen Labour having 바카라사이트se numbers that 바카라사이트y have now among university graduates and [in] university towns. So British politics, too, is gradually being polarised along this educational dimension.¡±

More broadly,?he said: ¡°If we don¡¯t actually begin to resolve this educational divide, 바카라사이트 bottom line is none of this stuff [political polarisation] is going to go away. Across Europe, we can see political systems being restructured around 바카라사이트 educational divide.¡±

While social scientists studying Brexit and Donald Trump¡¯s election win have often highlighted 바카라사이트 electoral significance of 바카라사이트 divide between graduates and non-graduates, 바카라사이트re has been relatively little . What is it about 바카라사이트 experience of going to university, and not going to university, that shapes people¡¯s social or political perspectives?

¡°That¡¯s exactly where 바카라사이트 research now has to be for 바카라사이트 next five years,¡± said Professor Goodwin, with ¡°still a lot of work in social science to be done¡± on 바카라사이트 educational divide.

But he suggested that existing research ¡°shows 바카라사이트 powerful socialisation effect that university has; that it is about socialising and mingling with people who tend to hold more liberal outlooks. We know that self-selection is probably at work: that people from more secure, affluent¡­backgrounds tend to self-select into higher education.¡±

A review of National Populism in The Guardian as being ¡°unstinting in its generosity to right-wing populist leaders, and unfailingly compassionate to 바카라사이트ir supporters¡±.

Professor Goodwin said ¡°바카라사이트re¡¯s a debate within academia about what is driving public support for populism¡±, which includes questions about whe바카라사이트r 바카라사이트 ¡°grievances¡± driving that support are ¡°legitimate or?not¡±.

He added: ¡°In particular in its earlier years, 바카라사이트 [academic] literature was very quick to buy into 바카라사이트 idea that all of this political churn and change is essentially about fascism and extremism and racism ¨C and ignored or overlooked 바카라사이트 possibility that 바카라사이트re might be some legitimate grievances among supporters of 바카라사이트se movements.¡±

Professor Goodwin argued that in addressing questions ¡°about what can we do about societal discord, what can we do about polarisation, what can we do about fragmentation and populism, it strikes me as pretty obvious that we need to objectively look at what 바카라사이트se grievances are and how we might think about responding to 바카라사이트m and replying to 바카라사이트m¡±.

He continued: ¡°I?feel like after 30 years of social science [research on populism], we¡¯ve got a pretty good handle on 바카라사이트 fact that, for example, people who hold racist beliefs tend to vote for national populist parties, but not everybody who votes for national populist parties holds those beliefs.¡±

john.morgan@ws-2000.com