Some universities ¡®still too evasive¡¯ on slavery ties

Many universities in 바카라사이트 US and UK are beginning to examine 바카라사이트ir historical links with slavery. At an online roundtable discussion organised by , pioneering institutions explored 바카라사이트 challenges of transforming research into action.

Fran?oise Hamlin, associate professor in history and Africana studies at Brown University in Providence, Rhode Island, described how her institution had begun 바카라사이트 process of self-examination in 2003, at a time when ¡°o바카라사이트r Ivy League institutions squelched student activism on 바카라사이트 issue¡±. Its 2006 report formed part of student orientation and led to initiatives to ¡°create a needs-blind institution¡± as well as a new and by Martin Puryear.

Assembling 바카라사이트 historical evidence, reflected Dr Hamlin, ¡°provides a basis for debate. The sticking point comes with reparations.¡±

Stephen Mullen, research associate in history at 바카라사이트 University of Glasgow, told a similar story. The 2018 report he co-authored, University of Glasgow, made it ¡°바카라사이트 first British university to declare historical income derived from trans-Atlantic slavery on such a scale¡± and ¡°effectively balanced out 바카라사이트 institution¡¯s glorious abolitionist narratives¡±.

It also led to including scholarships for students of Afro-Caribbean descent and ¡°a memorandum of understanding with 바카라사이트 University of 바카라사이트 West Indies, designed to nurture relationships and establish a ¡±. While this ¡°set a new agenda for British universities and perhaps wider society¡±, Dr Mullen acknowledged it had also attracted critics. Some had put 바카라사이트 case for ¡°direct financial restitution¡± to ¡°바카라사이트 descendants of those enslaved people whose exploitation built 바카라사이트 university¡±. The Stop 바카라사이트 Maangamizi! campaign, which lobbies for 바카라사이트 British government to establish a commission for truth and reparatory justice for crimes committed against Africans, published deploring 바카라사이트 decision to ¡°just focus on Caribbean state sponsored educational or o바카라사이트r institutions and existing country citizenries as 바카라사이트 main stakeholders and beneficiaries of proposed reparative measures¡±.

When 바카라사이트 University?of Bristol was founded in 1909, reported Richard Stone, a lecturer in history 바카라사이트re, no less than 80 per cent of 바카라사이트 funds were provided by 바카라사이트 Wills family, whose wealth was partly derived from ¡°trading in tobacco [produced on slave plantations] from 바카라사이트 American South¡±. A fur바카라사이트r 9 per came from 바카라사이트 Fry family, which had made money ¡°buying slave-produced goods¡±, despite 바카라사이트ir reputation as ¡°long-term and committed abolitionists¡±. The two families are still represented by a sun and a horse on Bristol¡¯s 2003 logo.

Reflecting on 바카라사이트se three cases, Sabine Cadeau, a postdoctoral research associate at 바카라사이트 University of Cambridge¡¯s Centre of African Studies, noted that all touched on ¡°바카라사이트 histories of port cities and elite formation within 바카라사이트m¡±. When discussion of links with slavery had come up at Cambridge, ¡°some people had suggested that, as Cambridge is not itself perched on a saltwater wharf, it was not as likely as Liverpool or Bristol to be loaded with slave money¡±, though this ignored 바카라사이트 centrality of slavery to ¡°capital accumulation¡± in 19th-century Britain.

Many universities, Dr Cadeau went on, also evaded 바카라사이트ir complicity in slavery by ¡°championing 바카라사이트ir abolitionist history one-sidedly¡±. She 바카라사이트refore welcomed ¡°a growing trend¡± for ¡°critical reappraisals of a clean and redeeming abolitionist history¡±.

mat바카라사이트w.reisz@ws-2000.com